1、 unit 4 Using language language pointsHOW DO I KNOW MY STUDENTS?As an educator,people often ask me how I know what is going on in the minds of my students.Many students are quite shy and dont speak all that much(生性腼腆；沉默寡生性腼腆；沉默寡言言).At the same time,in a classroom of more than forty students,it is ha
2、rd to have many one-on-one conversations with each person.So,how can I really know what makes each student tick?(使某人这样做的原因使某人这样做的原因)tick ones boxes投其所好；迎合某人的爱好投其所好；迎合某人的爱好It is easy to recognise when students are interested in a lesson.Most tend to look up and make eye contact.When I make a joke,the
3、y smile.When I talk about something difficult,they look confused.I know when students are really interested,however,because they lean forward(身体身体前倾前倾)and look at me.People have a tendency to lean towards whatever they are interested in.So if a student has his head lowered to look at his watch,it im
4、plies he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end.If two friends are leaning their heads together,they are probably writing notes to each other.Of course,not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class.Some students look up，but there is an absence of eye contact.Their eyes
5、barely move,and they always have the same distant expression on their faces.It is as though they are asleep with their eyes open.(with的复合结构的复合结构)tend to do sth易于做某事；往往做某事易于做某事；往往做某事照顾；照料某人照顾；照料某人_have sth done使某事被做使某事被做（可能是主语自己做；也可能（可能是主语自己做；也可能是让别人做）是让别人做）tend to sb1.have sth done.He managed to hav
6、e the work finished yesterday他昨天努力把这项工作做完了（主语自己他昨天努力把这项工作做完了（主语自己“做完做完”）.I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph taken.我需要一本新护照，因此我必须让人给我照相（我需要一本新护照，因此我必须让人给我照相（“照相照相”的动作由他人来完成）的动作由他人来完成）2.have sb do sth让某人做某事让某人做某事3.cant/wont have sb doing sth不能允许不能允许/容忍某人做容忍某人做某事某事not everyone.部
7、分否定部分否定表示全体意义的词，如表示全体意义的词，如all,both,every,everything,everybody,everyone,everywhere,always等，等，与否定副词与否定副词not连用时，不论连用时，不论not在前面还是后面都表示部分否在前面还是后面都表示部分否定，意为定，意为“并非都并非都.,并不总是并不总是.”All the people didnt arrive on schedule 并非所有的人都按时到达并非所有的人都按时到达Both of them are not reliable.他们两个人并非都可靠他们两个人并非都可靠Some students
8、are amused by something else.They spend all their time looking anywhere but at me.Then again,some students favourite activity is daydreaming.With their chins on their hands(with的复合结构的复合结构),they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling.They are certainly interested in somet
9、hing,but who knows what.The main thing is reminding distracted students that they need to pay attention in class.Spend some time doing sthspend some time with sboccupy oneself with(be occupied with)occupy oneself(in)doing(be occupied(in)doing)忙于做某事忙于做某事be busy doing/with sthbe engage in sthWith thei
10、r chins on their hands(with的复合结构的复合结构),they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceilingIt is as though they are asleep with their eyes open.(with的复合结构的复合结构)with的复合结构：的复合结构：with+n/代词代词+doingdoneto doadj/advprep短语短语While it is easy to perceive(when students are interested,bored
11、,or distracted),it is sometimes much harder to distinguish(when students are troubled).Students(who are angry,afraid,or experiencing anxiety)may have their arms crossed in front of their chests and their legs closed or crossed,like they are guarding their bodies.Students(who are sad or worried)will
12、nearly always wear a frown.They may also hide their faces in their hands like they are embarrassed or ashamed.Some students act this way merely because they are afraid of being called on by the teacher.However，if a student does not bother to brush her hair and her eyes are red from weeping，then I ca
13、n infer that there are deeper issues at work.It could be that she is having serious conflicts with other students or at home.Whatever it is,I know I need to inquire and assess what is going on.Ultimately,my duty is helping every student to learn.Their body language lets me know when to adjust class
14、activities,when to intervene,and when to talk to students individually,so they can all get the most out of school(在在校收获最大校收获最大).Reacting to body language is an important component of being a teacher.疑问词疑问词+不定式结构：不定式结构：Their body language lets me know when to adjust class activities,when to intervene
15、,and when to talk to students.他不知道该怎样回答她。他不知道该怎样回答她。He didnt know how to answer her.何时动身尚未决定。何时动身尚未决定。When to start has not been decided.我不知道应向谁征求意见。我不知道应向谁征求意见。I dont know who to ask advice from.作宾语作主语作宾语Where to go tomorrow has not been decided.什么时间举办这次会议还没有决定。When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided.这些工人之间如何分工仍是个问题。How to divide the work among the workers is still a question.“疑问词+动词不定式(短语)”的结构，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。作主语Thank you
