1、三十四选择性必修第四册三十四选择性必修第四册Unit 3Sea Exploration(限时限时35分钟分钟).阅读理解AScientists spent the past 10 years studying life in the oceans.This month,they released the results of their work.People often say that there are plenty of fish in the sea.But until recently,not even scientists knew how many creatures live
2、d in the worlds oceans.Ten years ago,a group of scientists decided to find it out.“We announced that we would try to conduct the first-ever worldwide census of marine life,”the projects co-founder,Jesse Ausubel,told TFK.“It was daring,and people responded.”Over the next 10 years,more than 2,700 scie
3、ntists from 80 countries worked together to track,count and study sea species.In a report this month,they shared what they learned.Decades of Discovery Scientists began by exploring the seas.Along the way,they discovered many new species.“We found life everywhere we looked,”says census scientists Pa
4、tricia Miloslavich.“We have given 1,200 new names to science.”One name belongs to a type of furry white crab that spends its life at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean.The unusual creature lives in a world of total darkness.Another new species,a nine-pound lobster,was found in the Indian Ocean,near Afr
5、ica.“It is surprising that an animal of that size would remain to be discovered.”says Ausubel.Scientists also did research on land.They read through old records,including scientific papers,books,seafoodrestaurant menus and fishermens journals.Their goal:to find out which sea creatures lived where in
6、 the past.Snapshot of the sea After ten years of investigation,scientists found that the oceans are teeming with life.They counted 250,000 marine species.They have an estimate of how many more species are waiting to be found:a whopping 750,000.“Most of these will be small,”says Ausubel,“There wont b
7、e any more giant lobsters.”The researchers learned which underwater areas have the most species.The seas around Australia and Japan have as many as 33,000 forms of life.(The average marine area has about 10,000 species.)These“hot spots”for biodiversity need special attention and protection,says Milo
8、slavich.The accurate picture of ocean life will help scientists notice changes.“Things will be different in 10,20,30 years,”says Ausubel.“Knowing whats there now will be helpful.”The census gives us a better understanding of the challenges facing our oceans.Many of the problems,including overfishing
9、,habitat destruction and pollution,stem from(起源于)human behaviour.Environmentalists are working to set up protected areas in the sea,much like the parks that conserve 12%of our land.“We need to show concern for the ocean,”says Miloslavich.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲了科学家从十年前就开始研究海洋生物种类,并介绍了研究的内容和基本过程。1.Why did
10、 the scientists read through old records,including scientific papers,books,seafoodrestaurant menus and fishermens journals?A.To get more knowledge about the sea creatures out-looking.B.To know the location of the sea creature in the past.C.To find out which place has the most sea species.D.To find o
11、ut which sea creature was almost popular.【解析】选B。细节理解题。由“Decades of Discovery”中的最后一句可知,科学家这样做的目的在于发现过去海洋生物的分布情况。其余说法在文中均无信息支持。2.What does the underlined word“whopping”mean?A.Blurry(模糊的).B.Uncertain.C.Total.D.Enormous.【解析】选D。词义猜测题。750 000 是一个庞大的数字,其他选项与语境不符,故选D。3.Which of the following sayings is Righ
12、t?A.There are plenty of new species waiting for us to find.B.The seas around Australia and Japan have the least species.C.Scientists wanted to get new food resources by doing this research.D.These scientists only did research under the sea.【解析】选A。推理判断题。由“They have an estimate of how many more specie
13、s are waiting to be found:a whopping 750,000”,可知据估计,还有约750 000种新的海洋生物等待发现,由此可推知,尚未发现的海洋生物数量庞大。B项应改为“最多的”;C 项说法无依据;D 项说法错误,科学家还在陆地上进行研究。BIt may not be quite old enough to be the worlds oldest living organismthat“honor”goes to the bristlecone pine tree(aged 5,000 years)but,at 4,000 years of age,Leiopa
14、thes glaberrima,a deep-water coral species,does set the record for being the oldest animal living under the sea.Located on the floor of the Pacific Ocean,off Hawaii,the 3 meters tall,(extremely)long-lived“black coral”could have some valuable clues about past incidents of climate change;specifically,
15、it could better scientists understanding of how oceans draw down carbon dioxideand of ocean acidification in general.Brendan Roark of Texas University,who led a research expedition in 2006 to study the corals climate records,presented his findings at the recent AAAS meeting.How long they can live is
16、 anybodys guess,Roark told Sciences Erik Stokstad and his colleagues used radiocarbon dating to determine the corals age.What this suggests,he said,is that the harvesting of deep-water coral for jewelry should be completely banned;because the corals grow at such an anemic(贫血的)rate,any level of harve
17、sting would likely wipe out the remaining specimensthose not yet affected by ocean acidification.Roark believes it could be possible to reconstruct records of subsurface temperature variability and ocean circulation changes,which would provide some insight on climate change incidents and help predic
18、t future effects.By comparison,that ocean quahog clam we mentioned a while backaged 405 yearsseems almost sprightly.【文章大意】本文是说明文,介绍了海洋寿星Leiopathes glaberrima.这一深海珊瑚礁在水下已经待了4 000多年,研究它对我们研究海洋意义很大。科学家也提出了保护海洋珊瑚的建议。4.What is the best title of the passage?A.The worlds oldest living organism.B.Oldest ani
19、mal under the sea.C.How to protect the corals.D.A great discovery.【解析】选B。主旨大意题。全文介绍了海洋的寿星,因此B项最合适。5.What does the underlined word“clues”in the second paragraph mean?A.Evidence.B.Treasure.C.Worth.D.Usage.【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据第二段可知,Leiopathes glaberrima 的发现对研究海洋提供有力的线索与证据。6.What is the value of the finding
20、of the Leiopathes glaberrima?A.It shows which is the oldest in the ocean.B.It helps the scientists get more information about the ocean.C.It shows why the weather changes so much.D.It helps the scientists know how to live longer.【解析】选B。推理判断题。第二段讲述了发现Leiopathes glaberrima 的意义,因此可以得出答案为B。7.Why should
21、the harvesting of deep-water coral for jewelry be completely banned?A.Because the jewelry has little value.B.Because the jewelry is hard to harvest.C.Because harvesting for the jewelry does great harm to deep-water coral.D.Because it is very dangerous.【解析】选C。推理判断题。从第三段中的“because the corals grow at s
22、uch an anemic rate,any level of harvesting would likely wipe out the remaining specimens”可知,珊瑚的生长非常缓慢,稍微破坏就会导致物种灭绝。.阅读填句Scientists Create Speech from Brain Signals Scientists have found a way to use brain signals to make a computer speak the words a person is trying to say.Some illnesses or injuries
23、 can cause people to lose the ability to speak.1,but they are slow.One method allows a person to“type”by moving their eyes from letter to letter to spell out words.The top speed with this method is about 10 words per minute.Normal human speech is about 150 words per minute.Much recent research has f
24、ocused on a direct connection between someones brain and a computer.2.For many BCIs,people have wires attached to their brains.This allows scientists to track the electrical signals in the brain and connect them to computers.Scientists at the University of California,San Francisco(UCSF)decided to fo
25、cus on the muscles people were trying to use when they spoke.3.Epilepsy(癫痫)is a condition where unusual electrical activity in the brain can cause problems with a persons control of their body or senses.There are about 100 muscles used for speaking.The scientists knew roughly what the shape of the m
26、outh would have to be to make each sound.This allowed them to figure out how the brain signals controlled the speaking muscles.With that information they could“decode”the brain signals to find out how the person was moving their mouth.4.The scientists were surprised at how close to real speech the c
27、omputer speech was.5,the muscles used to make each sound are the same for everyone.That will make it easier for a system like this to help many people.A.These people could speak normallyB.This is called a“Brain Computer Interface”(BCI)C.There are some ways for these people to communicateD.The UCSFs
28、scientists worked with a group of five people with epilepsyE.Theres much to learn before a system like this could be used in everyday lifeF.One important discovery is that though each persons brain signals are differentG.Then the scientists were able to create computer speech sounds based on the pos
29、ition of the speaking muscles【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的科研成果。科学家已经找到了一种方法,利用大脑信号让电脑说出一个人试图说的话。1.【解析】选C。利用同词复现策略确定答案。根据这句话后面的内容:一种方法允许一个人通过移动他们的眼睛拼出单词。此方法的最高速度约为每分钟 10 个单词。正常人类讲话是每分钟大约150个单词,所以这里选择C:有一些对于那些因为疾病而失去说话能力的人的沟通方式。C选项中的these people 指代空前失去说话能力的人,C选项中的ways和空后method是同义词复现。2.【解析】选B。利用同词复现策略确定答案。选
30、项B中的词汇BCI,在空后出现,起到上下文衔接的作用;选项B的主语This指代上文。许多研究都集中在人的大脑和电脑之间的一个直接联系上,这称为“大脑电脑接口”。对于许多大脑电脑接口来说,人们有一些大脑电线,这使得科学家能够跟踪大脑中的电信号,并将它们连接到电脑上。3.【解析】选D。利用同词复现策略确定答案。D选项中的epilepsy在空后出现。加州大学旧金山分校的科学家们对五名癫痫病患者进行研究,癫痫病是大脑中异常的电活动导致大脑对人的身体或感官控制出现问题。4.【解析】选G。根据上下文的逻辑关系确定答案。大约有100块肌肉用于说话。科学家们大致知道发出每个声音时嘴的形状是什么。这使他们能够找
31、出大脑信号如何控制说话的肌肉。有了那个信息,他们可以“解码”大脑信号,以找出人是如何移动他们的嘴。然后,科学家们能够根据说话肌肉的位置来创造计算机语音。科学家们对计算机产生的语音与真实语音的接近程度感到惊讶。5.【解析】选F。根据标点符号以及反义词复现策略确定答案。F选项中的different与后半句话中的the same构成一对反义词。一个重要的发现是,虽然每个人的大脑信号是不同的,但是每个人用来发出声音的肌肉是相同的。.应用文写作红旗社区针对本社区居民垃圾分类情况,计划于下周举行一次关于垃圾分类的讲座,请你代表社区写一封公开信,内容包括:1.垃圾分类的好处;2.讲座具体时间和地点;3.邀请
32、居民参加。注意:1.词数80个左右;2.开头和结尾已经给出,不计入总词数;3.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。参考词汇:垃圾分类garbage classificationDear sir or madam,Im writing this letter to call on attention to the community lecture concerning garbage classification._Yours,Hongqi Community【参考范文】Dear sir or madam,Im writing this letter to call on attention to
33、 the community lecture concerning garbage classification.Given that most neighbors fail to classify garbage properly though they really try to,our community will organize this lecture in an attempt to guide this deed.Garbage classification is of great significance.Firstly,not only can it cope with p
34、ollution issue effectively but more space originally occupied by wasteland will be spared.Secondly,we can undeniably make a difference by taking advantage of recyclable garbage.To fulfill your obligation to live an eco-life,come and join in the lecture to be given at 3 p.m.next Sunday on the playground of Hongqi Primary School.Only with combined efforts can we make our neighborhood better.Yours,Hongqi Community
