1、Section BGrammar and usage&Integrated skills.知识体系图解 重点词汇 1.n.发作;攻击;抨击vi.&vt.攻击;侵袭;抨击 2.n.数量 3.n.日程安排,工作计划;时间表 4.adj.消极的,负面的;坏的,有害的;否定的 5.adj.可塑的;塑料的n.塑料 6.n.外科手术 7.n.增加,添加;加法 8.pressure n.9.contribute vi.&vt.10.memory n.11.treatment n.attackamountschedulenegativeplasticsurgeryaddition心理压力;紧张;压力;要求,催
2、促是的原因之一,捐赠,捐献;增加,添加记忆力,记性;记忆,回忆治疗;对待,待遇;处理重点短语 1.从短期/长期看 2.plastic surgery 3.此外 重点语法 限制性定语从句()in the short/long term整形手术;整形外科in addition.完成句子1.我们正在寻找这本书的主人。We are looking for the person to.2.我们决定参观的那个地方离这个城市不远。The place is not far away from the city.3.你度假的那个地方叫什么名字?Whats the name of the place?whom t
3、he book belongswhich weve decided to visitwhere you spent your holiday4.请告诉我你误机的原因。Please tell me the reason.5.他是在我们最需要他的时候来的。He came at a time.why you were late for the flightwhen we needed him most重点词汇重点语法随堂练习1.Noise pollution and light pollution in big cities may also contribute to sleep problems
4、.大城市的噪音污染和光污染也可能导致睡眠问题。(P48)【词汇精讲】在本句中contribute用作动词,意为“是的原因之一”,还可以意为“捐赠,捐献;增加,添加”。I have contributed several articles to the magazine,but none of them have been published.我已经给杂志投了好几篇文章,可一篇也没发表过。重点词汇重点语法随堂练习【词汇拓展】make a contribution/contributions to对做出贡献contribute vi.&vt.捐献;捐助contribute sth to.把某物捐献
5、给contribute to有助于;捐献;导致;投稿The economists have made important contributions to the field of financial and corporate economics.经济学家们在金融和企业经济学领域做出了重要的贡献。The two-week exchange activities contributed to a better understanding between us.这两周的交流活动促进了我们之间更好地了解。重点词汇重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点语法随堂练习2.In the sh
6、ort term,people with sleep problems often feel tired and have trouble concentrating.短期内,有睡眠问题的人经常感到疲劳,并且难以集中注意力。(P48)【词汇精讲】在本句中in the short term意为“从短期看”。In the short term we will lose money,but in the long term we will make a profit.短期内我们会亏损,但从长远看我们会盈利的。重点词汇重点语法随堂练习【词汇拓展】in terms of 就来说;从角度;在方面in ge
7、neral/practical/financial terms 从总体/实际/经济角度in relative terms相对而言be on bad/good/friendly terms with 与不和睦/和睦/友好in the long/short run从长/短期看In terms of money he is rich,but not in terms of happiness.从金钱角度上看,他很富有,但从幸福角度则不然。重点词汇重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点语法随堂练习3.In the long term,they may be at increased ri
8、sk of having a poor memory,being overweight and suffering a heart attack.从长远来看,他们可能会增加记忆力差、超重和心脏病发作的风险。(P48)【词汇精讲】句中的attack是可数名词,意为“攻击,发作;抨击”。attack也可作及物或不及物动词,意为“攻击;抨击;侵袭”。The man insisted that he was just defending himself when attacked.那个人坚持说当受到攻击时他只是在自卫。重点词汇重点语法随堂练习【词汇拓展】attack sb with sth用攻击某人m
9、ake an attack on/upon.对发动进攻under attack受到攻击When an animal is under attack,it can run away or fight back.动物遭到攻击时,要么逃走要么反击。重点词汇重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点语法随堂练习4.Everyone knows that the amount of quality sleep that we get is important to us.每个人都知道高质量睡眠时间对我们很重要。(P49)【词汇精讲】在本句中amount用作名词,意为“数量”,the amount of意为“的数量”(
10、修饰不可数名词)。She was quite positive about the amount of money involved.她对所涉及的钱数十分肯定。重点词汇重点语法随堂练习【词汇拓展】(1)a large amount of和large amounts of 的意思相同,它们之后都只能带不可数名词,但large amounts of短语作主语时,谓语应用复数。(2)只能修饰可数名词,表示“许多,大量”的表达:a large/great/good number of,a good/great many,dozens of,scores of,quite a few,many a。(3
11、)只能修饰不可数名词,表示“许多;大量”的表达:a great deal of,a large amount of,amounts of,quite a little,a large sum of,much。(4)既可修饰可数也可修饰不可数名词,表示“许多;大量”的表达:plenty of,a lot of,lots of,a quantity of,quantities of。重点词汇重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点语法随堂练习5.The operation was a great success.手术非常成功。(P50)【词汇精讲】在本句中ope
12、ration用作名词,意为“手术”,还可以意为“运转,操作”。The operation of this machine is simple.这个机器的操作很简单。Doctors performed an emergency operation for appendicitis last night.医生昨晚为阑尾炎做了紧急手术。重点词汇重点语法随堂练习【词汇拓展】(1)have an operation(病人)接受手术perform an operation(医生)动手术come into operation付诸实施in operation操作中,运转中;生效(2)operate v.操作;
13、运作;动手术operate on 给动手术operator n.(操作机器的)工作者;操作员;接线员I dont want to be operated on by the butcher!我不想让这个屠夫给我做手术!The machine has been operating well since I got it repaired last year.自从我去年请人修好后,这台机器一直运转良好。重点词汇重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点语法随堂练习6.Mr Wilson is very happy with the treatment.威尔逊先生对这种治疗很满意。(P50
14、)【词汇精讲】在本句中treatment 用作名词,意为“治疗”,还可以意为“对待,待遇;处理”。Unfortunately,they face unfair treatment and discrimination in that country.不幸的是,他们在那个国家遭到了不公平对待和歧视。重点词汇重点语法随堂练习【词汇拓展】treat v.治疗;对待,款待treat sb well/badly对某人好/不好treat.as.把当作一样看待treat sb/oneself to sth 以某物款待某人give sb sth as a treat 用某物招待某人Which doctor i
15、s treating you for your illness?哪个医生在给你看病?重点词汇重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点语法随堂练习7.In addition,Miss Edwards says the surgery makes her look unnatural and that she is unable to make certain facial expressions.此外,爱德华兹小姐说,手术让她看起来不自然,她无法做出某些面部表情。(P50)【词汇精讲】addition是名词,意为“添加;加法;增加物”。Addition and
16、 division are forms of computation.加法和除法都是计算方法。This is a fine book,a worthy addition to the Cambridge Encyclopedia series.这是一本好书,对剑桥百科全书系列是一个很好的补充。A newborn child is often called an addition to the family.人们常把新生的婴儿称作家庭中新添的一员。重点词汇重点语法随堂练习【词汇拓展】in addition此外in addition to除之外additional adj.额外的In additi
17、on,we should learn how to get along well with others.此外,我们应该学着如何和别人融洽相处。重点词汇重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点语法随堂练习限制性定语从句()(where,when,why,prep+which/whom)1.关系副词引导的定语从句(1)when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。I will always remember the day when I was admitted into the university.我将永远记得我被大学录取的那一天。(2)where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。I would like to
18、 live in a country where there is less air pollution.我想居住在一个空气污染少的国家。重点词汇重点语法随堂练习(3)why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。The reason why he has had such success is that he never gives up.他取得那么大的成功的原因是他从不放弃。The reason why he failed the exam was that he didnt study hard.他考试失败的原因是他学习不努力。(4)当先行词是表示时间、地点的名词或reason时,关系词用wh
19、en,where,why还是which/that要看关系词在句中所作的成分来决定,作状语时要用when,where,why,作宾语、主语时要用that或which。The building which is being painted is our library.正在粉刷的大楼是我们的图书馆。Is this the reason that he told you about his absence?这就是他告诉你的他缺席的原因吗?重点词汇重点语法随堂练习(5)当先行词是一些表示地点的抽象名词,如:situation,point,stage,position等时,如果关系词在从句中作状语,常用
20、where或“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。Soon they came to a point where the river divided.很快他们就到了河流分岔处。The country has reached a stage where they export goods on a large scale.这个国家达到大规模出口商品的阶段。重点词汇重点语法随堂练习2.“介词(短语)+关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词(短语)+关系代词”也可引导定语从句,在句中作时间、地点和原因状语,代替相应的关系副词when,where和why。“介词(短语)+关系代词”表示地点时,有时句子需要用完全倒装
21、形式。I still remember the day on which(=when)I entered primary school.我仍然记得我上小学的那一天。This is the gym in which(=where)they used to work out.这就是他们过去锻炼的体育馆。Can you tell me the reason for which(=why)he got angry?你能告诉我他生气的原因吗?The man to whom I had a talk just now is my friend.刚才和我谈话的那个男人是我的朋友。重点词汇重点语法随堂练习注意
22、:在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,介词的选用可根据下列三方面去考虑:(1)根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配来考虑。This is the library from which I often borrow.(介词from依据borrow from这一常见搭配而定)这就是我经常借书的图书馆。Have you met the person to whom I referred yesterday?(介词to依据refer to而定)你见到过我昨天提到的那个人吗?重点词汇重点语法随堂练习(2)根据先行词的习惯搭配或意义来考虑。The farm on which they worked ten
23、years ago has changed a great deal.(先行词The farm在从句中作地点状语,“在农场”常用on the farm,故用on which,相当于where)十年前他们工作过的那个农场变化很大。Do you still remember the day on which we visited the Dai Temple?(先行词the day在从句中作时间状语,on which相当于when)你还记得我们一起参观岱庙的那天吗?重点词汇重点语法随堂练习(3)根据句子的具体含义来考虑。The pen with which he is writing now wa
24、s bought yesterday.他现在写字用的那支钢笔是昨天买的。(with which表示“使用工具”)He made a hole in the wall,through which he could see what was happening outside.他在墙上钻了个孔,通过这个孔他可以看到外面所发生的事情。(through which指“通过”)重点词汇重点语法随堂练习.单词拼写1.The 65-year-old Steve Goodwin was found suffering from early Alzheimers(阿尔兹海默症).He was losing hi
25、s m.答案:memory2.I hope your presentation will c to our better understanding of Western paintings.答案:contribute3.Much exercise is needed to lower the risk of heart a.答案:attacks4.Most first-year students live on c.答案:campus重点词汇重点语法随堂练习5.I couldnt believe that the g never took a penny.答案:guy6.It shows w
26、hether strong emotions someone is feeling are positive or n.答案:negative7.The reason I had stopped taking lessons was that my(日程安排)was busy with homework.答案:schedule8.Too much(咖啡因)can result in nervousness and sleeplessness.答案:caffeine重点词汇重点语法随堂练习9.He put his shaving things into a(塑料的)bag.答案:plastic1
27、0.Good technique in medicine and(外科手术)means less pain and less discomfort.答案:surgery重点词汇重点语法随堂练习.用适当的介词或副词填空1.This kind of urban planning is the long term cheaper and more practical.答案:in2.addition,most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience.答案:In3.Many immigrants suffer
28、a sense of alienation.答案:from重点词汇重点语法随堂练习4.The test would ensure those who plan to contribute this country can make a claim for benefits.答案:to5.He is anxious her safety.答案:about重点词汇重点语法随堂练习.用适当的关系词完成句子1.This is the place I grew up.答案:where2.September 1st is the day students go back to school after a summer vacation.答案:when3.We finally got to the village,we saw rows of newly-built houses.答案:where重点词汇重点语法随堂练习4.The reason he won the first place in the competition is that not only did he follow the teachers advice,but also he trained hard.答案:why5.Here is the bike I paid$200.答案:for which
