1、非谓语动词指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。动词ing及物动词（do)不及物动词（go)主动语态被动语态主动语态一般式doingbeing donegoing完成式having done having been donehaving goneeg:v1.I saw them playing chess under the tree.v2.The problem being discussed now is very important.v3.Having finished my work,I s
2、at down to rest.v4.Having been there three times,he knows the city well.v一般式的主动语态：表示主动进行，V-ing的动作发生在主句谓语动词之后或与主句谓语动词同时发生v一般式的被动语态：表示被动进行，V-ing的动作发生在主句谓语动词之后或与主句谓语动词同时发生v完成式的主动语态：表示主动完成，V-ing的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前v完成式的被动语态：表示被动完成，V-ing的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前v注：V-ing的完成式不能作定语。V-ing所充当的句子成分v一、作主语v1.直接作主语veg:1.Seeing is
3、 believing.v2.Smoking isnt allowed here.v2.用it作形式主语vits no use/useless(做是没用的)/no good/no help/a waste of time+doingveg:Its no use waiting here.v2.V-ing形式说明所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在功能上相当于一个定语从句，可以改写成一个定语从句。veg:1.The boy standing there is my classmate.v=The boy who is standing there is my classmates.v2.the boil
4、ing water=the water which is boiling.v3.The machine _(use)is made in Shanghai.=vThe machine which is used is made in Shanghai.v3.表示人的心理活动和思想情感的动词（interest/excite/surprise/move/astonish/satisfy/fighting),但是由于人的情绪变化而引起的表情、声音等的变化，用V-ed形式。veg:1.This is an_(interest)story.v 2.I am_(interest）in the_(inter
5、est)film.v3.There was an _(excite)look on his face.四、作宾语补足语v1.作感官动词的宾语补足语vfeel/listen to/taste/smell/hear/see/watch/notice/observev红色词语用法一致（以see为例）vsee+宾语+do 看见某人做某事的全过程vsee+宾语+doing看见某人正在做某事vsee+宾语+done看见某事被做vsee+宾语+being done看见某事被做veg:1.I hear him_(sing)a song in the next room.v2.He heard his name
6、_(call).v3.(1)I notice them_(repair)the car.v(2)I notice the car_(repair).v3.The missing boy was seen_by the river.vA.playing B.to be playing C.play D.playedv4.When I was young,I prefer to watch the train_(pull)in and out.v5.I smell something _(burn)in the kitchen.Can I call you back in a while.v2.作
7、使役动词的宾语补足语vhave+宾语+done使某事被做v +do让某人做某事v +doing让某人一直做某事vget sb to do sth让某人做某事vget sth done让某事被做vget sb/sth doing让某人、某事一直做veg:1.Go and have your hair cut.v2.I try me best to have/get the car running.v3.I have Mary clean the room.vleave sb/sth+adj.主动v +doing 表主动关系v +done 表被动关系veg:1.Dont leave the doo
8、r open.v2.She left her baby crying.v3.Dont leave the work half done.v使处于某种状态vkeep sb/sth+v使处于某种状态vdoing主动关系vdone被动关系vn.vadj.vprep.veg:1.Im sorry to have kept you_(wait)for me so long.v2.He kept his hands_(clean)in his pocket.v3.They kept their marrige a secret.v4.The coat will keep you warm.v5.His i
9、llness kept him in bed for several days.vstart sb/sth doing使开始.veg:The smoke started her coughing.vcatch sb doing=sb be caught doing撞见某人做某事veg:1.The teacher caught him_(sleep)in the class.vsend sb/sth doing 由于外力或外因而使发生veg:The earthquake sent them rushing out of the room.vset sb/sth doing 让XX处于某种状态vm
10、ake sb do让某人做某事=sb be made to do vmake oneself done 使某人自己被vmake+宾语+n./adj.veg:1.When you speak,be sure to make yourself_(understand).v2.His gift made her very happy.v3.We made him our monitor.vfind+宾语+doing表主动关系v +done表被动关系v +adj.v +n.veg:1.We found him an honest man.v2.We found the door locked.v3.W
11、hen I came in,I found him_(lie)on the ground.v4.After a long search,we found the missing boy safe.发现、发觉五、作宾语v作某些动词后的宾语v建议完成很在意，喜欢实践提建议，宽恕考虑对报道，承认允许有感激，不喜欢逃避和耽搁，想象理解别错过。vsuggest,finish,mind enjoy,practise,advise forgive/excuse,consider,report admit,allow/permit,appreciate dislike,avoid/escape,delay i
12、magine/fancy,understand,missvforbid禁止 bear/stand忍受 risk冒险 resist抵抗 keep vcouldnt help doing禁不住做某事v do不能帮助做某事veg:1.Keep_(practise,say)language.v2.He was lucky he missed _(catch).v3.When I heard the funny story,I couldnt help_(laugh).v4.No one would like to risk_(ride)in a ballon.v2.做动词短语后的宾语vdevote t
13、o奉献于 look forward to期待vstick to坚持 pay attention to注意 lead to导致 object to反对 get/be used to习惯于.vget down to开始认真做某事 refer to提及，涉及，查阅v3.用it作形式宾语vmake/find/think/suppose/consider/believe+it+no use/no good/no help/useless+doingveg：I think it useless arguing with him.v4.六、作状语v1.位于句首或句尾，通常有逗号与主句隔开，考虑分词与主句主语
14、之间的关系，如果是主动关系，用V-ing,如果是被动关系，用V-ed.v2.通常情况下，主句的主语是分词的逻辑主语。v3.可作时间、原因、条件、伴随、结果、让步状语。veg:1.Walking in the street,I saw a friend of mine.v=When I was walking in the street,I saw a friend of mine.v2.Opening the door,I found nobody in.v=When I opened the door,I found nobody in.v3._(see)from the hill,I ca
15、n see the whole city.v4._(see)from the hill,the whole city looks beautiful.v2.原因状语veg:1.Because he was ill,he had to stay at home.v=Being ill,he had to stay at home.v2.Because you are a student,you must study hard.v=Being a student,you must study hard.v3._I couldnt go to school in my childhood.vA.Po
16、or B.Being poor C.To be poorv3.条件状语veg:1.If you turn left,you will find the post office.v=Turning left,you will find the post office.v2.Standing on the hill,we will see the whole city.v=We will see the whole city if we stand on the hillv4.让步状语.veg:1.Though he is very rich,he is unhappy.v=Being very
17、rich,he is unhappy.v2.Having been told many times,he didnt know how to do it.v=Though he had been told many times,he didnt know how to do it.v5.伴随状语.veg:1.Mr.Smith came into the room and he followed some students.v=Mr.Smith came into the room,following some students.v2.Mr.Smith came into the room an
18、d he was followed by some students.v=Mr.Smith came into the room,followed by some students.v3.The secretary worked late into the night,_(prepare)a long speech for the president.v6.结果状语:现在分词作结果状语，分词的动作是主语造成的结果，谓语动词和分词有因果关系。veg:1.The rain lasted a week so that it caused many problems.v=The rain lasted
19、 a week_(cause)many problems.v2.He was caught in the rain,_(have)a cold.七、复合结构v1.作宾语v人称代词宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词普通格、名词所有格+doingveg:Do you mind me/my/Marry/Marrys sitting here.v2.作主语v形容词性物主代词、名词所有格+doingveg:Tom/My getting up late made the boss angry.八、分词的否定式在V-ing前直接加notveg:1.Not knowing what to do,he turned
20、to his teacher for help.v2.Toms not getting up early made his mother angry.九、独立主格v 若分词的逻辑主语和主句的主语不一致，则在分词前加上本身的逻辑主语，形成独立主格。vn./pron.+doning 表主动v n./pron.+done 表被动veg:1.When he was lying there,we went away.v=He_(lie)there,we went away.v2.The meeting_over,we all left the room.vA.is B.being C.was D.wer
21、ev3.Weather permitting,we will go swimming tomorrow.v=If weather permits,we will go swimming tomorrow.vwith+宾语+doing 表主动进行v +done 表被动完成v +to do 表将来，可用主动表被动v +adj.v +adv.v +prep.veg:1.We are seated with Mr.Wang standing up.v2.We went home with our homework finished.v3.We will have 71 students with Xi
22、aoHong to come.v4.The newly-elected president will have a hard time with many problems to solve.v5.The teacher came in with a book in his hand.v6.He likes to sleep with the windows open.v7.Some students like to talk with the calss on.vThere being表示有veg:There was no bus,so we had to walk home.v=There
23、 being no bus,we had to walk home.v如果表示人的身体的某一部位的名词做分词的逻辑主语，则及物动词用ed,不及物动词用ing.veg:1.He lay there,his eyes_(look)at the sky.v2.He came in,his hands_(tie)behind.v3.She sat there with her eyes_(fix)on the picture.十v当主句前有and、but、or、so、therefore等连词时，不能选现在分词和过去分词，可选一个完整的句子或祈使句。veg:(1)_tired,he couldnt wa
24、lk any farther.v(2)_tired,his legs hurt.v(3)_tired,so he couldnt walk any farther.vA.Being B.He being C.He wasv(2)_,he didnt go to school.vA.Being ill B.His mother being ill C.As he was ill D.all the abovev(3)_nothing to do,he went out.v Since_nothing to do,he went out.vA.being B.there being C.there
25、 was十一、分词的惯用语v1.judging from/by 根据判断v2.talking of.谈到v3.adv.(generaly,exactly,strictly,frankly(坦白)+speaking .的说v4.joking apart 言归正传v5.given(that)如果veg:1.Generaly speaking the book is not difficult.v2.Judging from her accent,she must be from Hunan.v1.Though I have often heard this song _,I have never
26、heard you _ it.vA.being sung;sang B.sang;singing vC.sung;sing.D.to be sung;to singv2.It was so cold that they kept the fire _ all night.vA.to burn B.burn C.burning D.burned.v3.He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.vA.put B.to be puttingC.to putD.putting.v4.Did y
27、ou meet anyone _ at the party?vNo,in fact,I found the party rather _.vA.interesting;boring B.interested;boring.vC.interesting;bored D.interested;boredv5.The salesman scolded the girl caught _ and let her off.vA.to have stolen B.to be stealingvC.to steal D.stealing.v6.Dont leave the water_ while you
28、brush your teeth.vA.run B.running.C.being run D.to runv7.The _ boy was last seen _ near the East Lake.vA.missing;playing.B.missing;playvC.missed;played D.missed;to playv8.A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen.vA.smoke B.smoking.C.to smoke D.smokedV-edv1.及物动词的过去分词既表示被动又表示完成
29、，不及物动词的过去分词只能表示完成。v2.现在分词的完成被动式和过去分词两者都可以表示完成和被动，但是现在分词的完成被动式强调分词的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前（时间性非常强），而过去分词时间性不强。现在分词的完成主动式及其被动式不能作定语。veg:1.If heated,water is changed into vapour.v2.Having been shown around the lab,the guests were taken to see the library.v3.否定式：在过去分词前直接加notv 在过去分词前加un(unknown,unfinished,undone)v
30、eg:Not allowed to come in,he had to wait outside.v4.作定语。v位置：单个分词作定语，放在所修饰的名词前。分词短语作定语，放在所修饰的名词后。v 功能：相当于定语从句veg:a broken cup=a cup which was broken.v a vase broken by a boy=A vase which was broken by a boy.v 注：定语：done表被动完成v being done 表被动正在完成根据上述4点填空v1.The castle_(build)in 1812 is under repair.v2.Th
31、e building _(build)now is our school.v3.The building_(build)last year is our school.v4.The book_(belong)to Marry is lost.v5.Is there anybody here_(invite)to the party were.v6.Most of the artist_(invite)to the party were Germans.v5.作状语。v主句的主语一定是分词的逻辑主语。v过去分词可以表时间.、原因.、条件、让步.、伴随veg:1.Exhausted,the chi
32、ldren fell asleep at once.v2.Asked many times,I told him the secret.v3.Laughed at by many people,he continued his study.v注：状语 donev having been done时间性强v being done被动进行vbe done作状语后置定语veg:1.Lost in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.v2.The young man stressed in black.v2.The professor
33、came in _(follow)by a lot of students.v3.The students came in_(follow)their teacher.To do(动词不定式）v一、时态、语态主动被动一般式to doto be done进行式to be done 完成式to have doneto have been done完成进行式to have been done v1.动词不定式的一般式表示动词不定式的动作发生在主句谓语动词之后。veg:I hope to see you next week.v2.动词不定式的完成式表示动词不定式的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前。veg:C
34、hakes Babbage is considered to have invented the first computer.v3.动词不定式的进行式表示动词不定式的动作与主语谓语动词同时发生。veg:When the teacher came in,some students pretended to be studying.v4.动词不定式的完成进行式表示动词不定式的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前，并一直进行着。veg:She is said to have been writing the novel about New York for years.v二、否定式：在不定式之前直接加vno
35、t 构成：not to do sthveg:1.His mother told him not to make noises.v2.Some students promised the teacher not to talk during the class.v三、动词不定式的复合结构vfor sb to do sthv of sb to do sth 区别：adj.(stupid/silly/kind/nice/wise/clever)形容词是描述人的品质的时候用of.veg:1.Do you think it important_(of/for)us to learn English.v2
36、.I think it very kind_(of/for)you to do so.v特殊疑问词+to doveg:I dont know what to do.vI dont know how to it.v四、句法功能v1.作主语：表示一次性具体动作。veg:1.To see is to belive.v2.To serve the people is our duty.vIt is/was+adj.for sb to do sth.vIt is/was+adj.of sb to do sth 某人做。真是太。样了veg:1.Its very kind of you to help me
37、.v2.Its important for us to learn English.vit is/was+n.+to do 是。样的veg:1.Its an honour to be invited.v2.Its a pleasure to study English.vIts time for sb to do sthv that S should dov that S V-ed 是某人做某事的时候了vIts ones turn to do sth轮到某人做某事了veg:Its your turn to clean the room.vIt takes/took sb 时间/金钱 to do
38、 sth 做某事花费某人多少时间/金钱veg:It takes me 15 minutes to walk to school.v2.作表语：具体的或将要发生的动作，通常情况下主表位置可以互换。veg:1.My aim is to go to school.v2.To go to college is my aim.v3.This problem remains to be solved.v3.作定语：n.+to do表将要发生的动作。veg:1.I have a lot of work to do tonight.v2.Give me something to drink.v3.I have
39、 a letter to post.v表示某人是第几位做某事vthe+序数词+to doveg:1.He is the first person to finish the job.v2.He is always the first to come and the last to leave.v不定式与所修饰的词有动宾关系，但不定式动词又为不及物动词时，后面需加上相应的介词。但如果中心名词是place、time、way时，介词可省略。veg:1.Theres nothing to worry_.v2.I have no chair to sit_.v3.They found a house t
40、o live_.v4.They have no difficulty finding a place to live_.v4.作宾语：动词：want to/plan to/hope.veg:I want to eat an apple.vwould like/would love/want/plan/hope/mean/expect/intend to have done表示未曾实现的打算、希望、意图等。veg:1.I meant to have seen the film but I had a lot of work to do.v2.We would like to have watch
41、ed TV,but there was no electricity.v动词不定式做介词（but,except)宾语时，当在but或except前有实义动词do时，其后的动词不定式符号to可省。veg:1.We had no choice but_(study)abroad.v2.He wanted nothing but_(buy)a ball.v3.He did nothing but _(return)home.v4.They could do nothing but_(wait)for letter to come.vmake/feel/find/think/suppose/consi
42、der/believe+it+adj./n.+that/to doveg:1.Most of the students think it difficult to learn English well.v2.He makes it a rule to go to school early.v5.作宾语补足语：动词+sb+to do sthvwant/expect/allow/permit sb to do sthv6.作状语：作目的状语（not）to do/in order(not)to do/so as(not)to do用于句中veg:1.I got up early not to/in
43、order not to/so as not to miss the train.v2.He went home to see his parents.v作原因状语：用于表示情感、情绪等词之后。veg:1.Im sorry to hear that.v2.She was pleased to be given the job.v程度状语：常用于表示程度的形容词后（difficult/heavy/easy/hot)veg:1.The soup is hot to drink.v2.The box is heavy to lift.v结果状语 vA.如此以至于vso/suchas to=so/su
44、chthatvso+adj./adv.that=so+adj./adv+as to dovsuch+n.+that=such+n.+as to dovso+adj.+a/an+n.+that=so+adj.+a/an+n.+as to dovsuch+a/an+adj.+n.+that=such+a/an+adj.+n.+as to dov如果所修饰的词是many/few/much/little时，一定用so.veg:1.He was so angry as not to be able to speak.v=He was so angry as to be unable to speakv2
45、.He was such a fool as to believe his story.v3.He is such a good teacher that we all love her.v=He is so good a teacher that we all love her.vB.adj./adv.enough to do 足够样，做veg:1.He is old enough to go to school.v2.He ran fast enough to catch the thief.vC.only to do sth 表示出乎意料的结果veg:He hurried to the
46、train station only to find that the train had left.vD.tooto太而不能v当too后面的adj.是表示态度、心情等意义的词时，则翻译成肯定含义。veg:1.He is too young to go to school.v2.We are too glad to meet you.v3.We are too happy to hear from you.非谓语动词小练v44.A kind old gentleman offeredmy bags to the taxi stand.A.his help carried B.carrying
47、vC.me to carry D.to help me to carry.45.You can hardly imagine the difficulty the woman hadher children.A.brought up B.to bring up C.bringing up.D.to have brought up46.He wastoday,but was asked to stay forweek.A.to have returned；another.B.returning；one more vC.returned；another D.to return；otherv47.-
48、Where should I send my form?-The Personnel office is the place.A.for sending it B.to send it to.C.to send D.to send it48.I could feel the windon my face from an open window.A.to blow B.blowing.C.to be blowing D.blown49.-Lucy,why didnt you come last Sunday?-I,but my father was in hospital.A.would B.had C.was going to.D.did50.-What terrible weather!I simply cant get the car.-Why not trythe engine with some hot water?A.starting；filling.B.start；fillingC.started；to fill D.to start；fill
