1、专题五专题五 prepositionpreposition（介词）（介词）中考英语语法专题本专题内容适用于79年级学生本专题一般共需2课时Preposition(Preposition(介词介词)知识要点：一、介词的分类和用法 二、常用介词搭配和区别 三、巩固练习第一课时 介词的分类和用法 二、巩固练习 一、介词的分类和用法at表示具体的时刻。at seven oclockat half past twoon主要用于具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上，还用于具有某种特征的一天。on Mondayon August 8th,2008on the night of National Dayon
2、 a rainy eveningin用于世纪、年、季节、月in the 21st century/in 2010/in spring/in January固定用法in the morning/afternoon/eveningat noon/night/midnight一、介词的分类一、介词的分类1.表示时间和日期的介词表示时间和日期的介词 in表示年、季节、月份、周，或泛指上午、下午或晚上；on表示某一天，某一天的上午、下午或晚上；at表示某一时刻或时间上的某一点。例题分析TheearthquakewhichhappenedinYushu_14thApril,2010wasabigdisas
3、ter.A.atB.onC.inD.to答案B思路分析本题考查的是表示时间的介词的用法。具体日期前用介词on故选择B。Thecaraccidenthappened_acoldwintermorning.Luckily,noonewashurt.A.inB.onC.atD.of答案B思路分析本题考查的是表示时间的介词的用法。专指某一特定的上午下午和晚上要用介词on。例如:onaspringmorning故选择B。ThefamouswriterWilliamShakespearewasborn_1564.A.inB.onC.atD.of答案A思路分析本题考查的是表示时间的介词的用法。某一年份前用介
4、词in故选择A。2.表示方位的介词表示方位的介词1）常用方位介词on意为“在的上面”；over意为“在（垂直）的正上方”；above意为“在（不一定垂直）的上方”；under意为“在（垂直的）正下方”；below意为“在（不一定垂直）的下方”；near意为“在附近”；next to意为“紧挨着”；round/around意为“在周围”；by意为“在旁边”；2）表示两者的位置关系时in表示“在同一区域内或同一范围内”；on表示“接壤；相邻”；to表示“相离；相隔”，两者不属同一范围，也不接壤。介词介词意意 义义例例 句句on在上His book is on the desk.under在下The
5、 football is under the chair.in在里There is a pencil case in the schoolbag.in front of 在前There is a tree in front of the house.behind在后He is standing behind me.beside在旁边Tom is sitting beside the window.3.表示延续时间的介词表示延续时间的介词by意为“在之前；不迟于”；for意为“历时之久；持续”；in意为“在以后；在时间内”；since意为“自从以来；自以后”；until用于否定句中，意为“直到才
6、”，其前的谓语动词多为非延续性动词，用在肯定句中，意为“直到为止”，其前谓语动词须用延续性动词。如：He didnt go to bed until his mother came back home yesterday.昨天他直到他妈妈回家才睡觉。He watched TV until his mother came back home yesterday。昨天他看电视一直到他妈妈回家的时候。他已经当老师9年了。He has been a teacher _ nine years.我已经在这儿住了10年了。I have lived here _ ten years ago.他十分钟之后将会回
7、来。He will be back _ ten minutes.知道五月，我们才会看到一些花。We dont see any flowers _ May.你必须得在这里站到太阳落下去为止。You must stand here _ the sun sets.我明天早晨八点前必须得到校。I must be at school _ eight tomorrow morning.你能在五分钟之内干完这些工作吗？Can you finish your work _ five minutes?Quiz即学即练4.表示方式的介词表示方式的介词介词用来表交通，常把介词用来表交通，常把by,in,on来用；来
8、用；限定、复数用限定、复数用in/on，by要直通海陆空；要直通海陆空；骑马、骑车惯用骑马、骑车惯用on，小轿车前，小轿车前in才通。才通。【注】1.by+交通工具，意为“乘坐”。如：海：be ship/boat/sea 陆：by bus/car/train/bike/taxi 空：by air/plane/spaceship2.on/in+限定词+交通工具，意为“乘坐”。如：He goes to work on the bike/in his car.他骑自行车/开车去上班。3.on foot为固定短语，意为“步行”。5.表示运动方向的介词表示运动方向的介词 across意为“从表面穿过”，
9、或沿某一条线的方向而进行的动作；through意为“从内部穿过”，past和by表示“从旁边经过或路过”。如：Please be careful when you go _ the street.Look!The mosquito is trying to fly _ the window.We often go _ a bakery on our way to school.6.不用介词的情况不用介词的情况today,yesterday,tomorrow等时间状语前；含有last,this,that,these,those,next,every,one,some,all等词的时间状语前；he
10、re,there,home,back等副词前。介词专练介词专练I Fill in the blanks with at/on/in.(用用at,on,in填空。填空。)1._ five oclock 2._ a quarter past seven3._ February 11th4._ a hot summer afternoon5._ winter 6._ the morning of Childrens Day7._ night8._ the evening 介词专练介词专练I.Fill in the blanks with at/on/in.(用用at,on,in填空。）填空。）1._
11、at_ five oclock 2._at_ a quarter past seven3._on_ February 11th4._on_ a hot summer afternoon5._in_ winter 6._on_ the morning of Childrens Day7._at_ night8._in_ the eveningII Fill in the blanks with by/on/in(用用by,on,in填空。填空。)1.They often go to school _ foot.2.Does he usually go home _ bike?3.She went
12、 to Qingdao _ ship last week.4.I want to go to Beijing _ bus.5.She often comes to school _ her fathers car.6.Did you come here _ a taxi?II Fill in the blanks with by/on/in(用用by,on,in填空。填空。)1.They often go to school _on_ foot.2.Does he usually go home _by_ bike?3.She went to Qingdao _by_ ship last we
13、ek.4.I want to go to Beijing _by_ bus.5.She often comes to school _in_ her fathers car.6.Did you come here _in_ a taxi?III Fill in the blanks with to/on/in(用用to,on,in填空。填空。)。1.Shanghai is located _ the east of China.2.Handan is _ the south of Hebei province.3.Hainan is _ the south of China.4.Japan i
14、s _ the east of China.5.Henan province is _ the south of Hebei province.6.Taiwan is _ the southeast of China.III Fill in the blanks with to/on/in(用用to,on,in填空。填空。)。1.Shanghai is located _in_ the east of China.2.Handan is _in_ the south of Hebei province.3.Hainan is _in_ the south of China.4.Japan is
15、 _to_ the east of China.5.Henan province is _on_ the south of Hebei province.6.Taiwan is _in_ the southeast of China.中考链接1（2021青海）Look!Thesunisshiningdirectlyintothecar.Youdbetterparkit_thetree.AunderBinfrontofCbehind2（2021湖南湘潭市）Howdoyoustudyforatest,Eric?Istudy_workingwithagroup.AbyBwithCin3（2021湖北
16、恩施土家族苗族自治州）YuanLongping，oneofthebest-knownscientistsaroundtheworld,madegreatcontributions_developinghybridrice.AinBforCto4（2021湖南怀化市）Ioftenhelpmyparentswithhousework_Sundays.AonBinCat5（2021甘肃天水市）Weleft_suchahurrythatweforgotourtickets.AonBforCtoDinAACAD6（2021山西）Inthefuture,robotswillplayamoreimporta
17、ntroleinpeopleslife_thedevelopmentoftechnology.AaheadofBinsteadofCbecauseof7（2021江苏南京市）Wearegoingtocelebratethe100thanniversaryofthefoundingoftheCommunistPartyofChina_July1st,2021.AinBonCatDof8（2021河北）Ieatrice_beefandpotatoes.Itsdelicious.AinBonCwithDfor9（2021江苏盐城市）Chinasuccessfullylandedaspacecraft
18、_MarsinMay,2021.AinBonCatDfor10（2021湖北武汉市）Icouldtell_thelookonherfacethatsomethingexcitinghadhappened.Exactly!AonBwithCbyDatCBCBC课时总结介词的分类表示时间表示方位表示方式表示运动方向常用介词用法歌诀常用介词用法歌诀in在里面在里面on在上，在上，by和和beside在近旁；在近旁；above表示在上方，表示在上方，below恰好为反向。恰好为反向。若表正上用若表正上用over，under表示正下方。表示正下方。in front of表在前，反义表在前，反义behind在后面。在后面。从里穿过用从里穿过用through，表面通过，表面通过across。进到里面用进到里面用into，落到上面用，落到上面用onto。from表示自何方，表示自何方，to和和towards表朝向。表朝向。小小介词用处大，反复实践掌握它。小小介词用处大，反复实践掌握它。
