1、 短文改错对考生的要求较高，是对语言知识综合运用能力的考查，考生在该项上 往往失分较多，短文改错其实不难，很多错误都是一些我们常见的错误，同时也 是我们经常会犯的错误。那么如何做好改错题，我们除了平时打好基础外，在应 考时还要做到以下三步： 1. 通读全文通读全文, 理解文章理解文章. 短文改错不同于单句改错，它涉及行文逻辑以及句与句之间的必要联系。因 此，做题时首先要通读全文，把握文章大意及上下文之间的联系。认真阅读 短文，在做题之前确保已经弄清原文大意。根据短文大意和上下文逻辑关系， 对文章进行逐字逐句的分析，检查句子的结构是否完整，语气是否连贯，启 承转合是否符合文
2、意等。 2. 分句阅读，分句阅读，先易后难先易后难, 找出明错找出明错. 目的是了解句子结构，理清修饰关系，准确把握句子含义，找出错误。综合 运用所学语言知识，根据各行不同的错误情况分别进行答题(即改词、加词或 删词)。 3. 句群阅读句群阅读 目的是查找行文逻辑错误，审查句与句间的逻辑关系是否准确。 4. 深入审读，深入审读，验证答案。验证答案。 记住多词、漏词、错词的数量比例，改完后，要回过头来重读一遍全文，查 看改过后是否能使语气通顺，时态一致，合乎逻辑。再次通读可以在初改时 感觉不顺的地方集中精力，仔细推敲，使答案更加准确。因为有时就一个句 子来看可能在两个地方修改都说地过去，但在上下
3、文中可能只能在一处修改 才正确。 答题五原则：答题五原则： （1）以改变实词形式为原则. （2）以单词形式变化最小为原则. （3）以添删或更换虚词为原则. （4）以多“改正”少“添删”为原则 （5）以保持原意不变为原则 答题四不改答题四不改 （1）标点符号不改。 （2）大小写不改。 （3）词序错误不改。 （4）单词拼写不改 。 短文改错口诀：短文改错口诀： 动词形，名词数，还要注意形和副动词形，名词数，还要注意形和副;非谓语，细辨别，句子成份多分析非谓语，细辨别，句子成份多分析;代词格，代词
4、格， 细领悟，介词短语要牢记细领悟，介词短语要牢记;冠词连词常光顾，逻辑错误须关注冠词连词常光顾，逻辑错误须关注. 在短文改错中常出现的错误主要有以下几类： 一、考点设置之名词 命题特点：名词的单复数误用。名词的单复数误用。可数与不可数名词的混用，本来用复数，却用单 数。如在 several， many，various，different，a few，one of 等之后，常用名词 的复数，在 every 与 each 之后常用单数。 改正方法：(1)根据名词前的修饰限定成份； (2)根据上下文的逻辑关系。 【例】 1She said that she an
5、d my schoolmate all wished me success.(schoolmate 改为 schoolmates) 2After class we become stranger at once.(stranger 改为 strangers) 3They want me to devote all my time to my studies so that I'll get marks in all my subject.(subject 改为 subjects) 二、考点设置之代词 命题特点：代词的误用。代词的误用。主要是代词的格与数的错用。如男性用了女性
6、代词，单 数用了复数代词或相反；应当用形容词性的物主代词用了宾格，主格或相反，关 系代词的错用。 如只能用that引导的用了其它,或在不能用that的地方却用了that， 或是在“介词+关系代词”结构中漏掉了介词等。如 you 与 your，its 与 its，it 与 they 或 them，one 与 ones，宾格(如 me)与反身代词(如 myself)等的误用。 改正方法：联系上下文的逻辑关系。 【例】 1The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (his 改为 their) 2I have a good frien
7、d who's name is Liu Mei. (who's 改为 whose) 3It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the mountain. The three of them were very excited.(them 改为 us) 4Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English.(me 改为 myself) 5One day I wrote a lit
8、tle story and showed to my teacher.(showed 后加 it) 三、考点设置之介词 命题特点及改正方法：介词的误用、缺少或多余。介词的误用、缺少或多余。介词涉及搭配错误，因此可从 以下方面确定错误：(1)介词的基本用法；(2)习惯搭配；(3)动词词类确定错误， 如 talk， serve, wait 等。 常见的如 in 与 on， to 与 for， instead 与 instead of， because 与 because of 等的误用。 口诀如下： 介词短语常常考，固定搭配要记牢。介词后边跟宾语，结合语境细推敲。 【例】
9、1We do not seem to get much time to talk about together.(去掉 about) 2 I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. (去掉 at) 3The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English.(去掉 was 后的 in) 4We'll talk with our plan
10、 for the weekend over dinner.(with 改为 about) 5I am writing to thank you with your kind help. (with 改为 for) 四、考点设置之时态 命题特点及改正方法： 时态的错误。时态的错误。 看一篇文章， 要有一种大局观， 要上前下挂， 看看上下文的时态是否一致。 现在时与过去时的误用。句中一般没有时间状语，要注意联系上下文，着眼于整 个语篇的时态。通常整篇都是过去，突然一个句子用现在时。其中又以一般现在 时和过去时互改居多。 【例】 1They did not want me t
11、o do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies so that(did 改为 do) 2The time passes quickly. Evening came.(passes 改为 passed) 3She liked it very much and reads it to the class.(reads 改为 read) 4 I don't know that they don't like to talk with me.Sometimes, we talked to e
12、ach other very well in class.(talked 改为 talk) 5I will write again and send you the photos we take together.(take 改为 took) 五、 考点设置之连词连词 andbutor 的误用。的误用。 如 or 与 and 的误用， and 与 but 的误用， so 与 but 的误用，because 或 since 与 so 连用，though 与 but 连用等。 命题特点：主要考查 and，or，but，so 等并列连词的误用。 改正方法：(1)根据句意确定正误； &nb
13、sp; (2)根据句子的逻辑关系确定错误。 【例】 1She is smiling at me but nodding at me.(but 改为 and) 2It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.(and 改为 or) 3The food was expensive and the service was good.(and 改为 but) 4I came into the living room and saw one of them just go through th
14、e kitchen door but turn on the light.(but 改为 and) 5We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.(visiting 改为 visited) 六、考点设置之从句连词 命题特点及改正方法： 句子结构方面的错误主要涉及句子成份和复合句的关联词 等。解答这类题从以下方面来思考：(1)句子结构是否完整，成份是否冗缺；(2) 复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等。如定语从句中， which，that，when，where 等混淆不清。 【例】 1I
15、t was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain.(noon 后加 when) 2I don't know that they don't like to talk with me.(that 改为 why) 3What things are in other homes, I wonder.(What 改为 How) 4Earning their own money allows them to spend on anything as if they please.(去掉 if) 5They did not wa
16、nt breakfast because that they were going out early in the morning.(去掉 that) 七、考点设置之冠词 命题特点及改正方法：英语中冠词只有三个，只能从以下几个方向出题：(1)不 定冠词 a 和 an 互改；(2)不定冠词 a 或 an 和定冠词 the 互改；(3)根据需要增删冠 词。 定冠词 the 的多余或缺失，如季节，月份，星期，球类及三餐活动，称呼头衔前 等不能加 the 的地方加了 the，或是 same 等常和 the 一起使用的词却漏税掉了 the;a,an 的混用,注意， 判断一个词的前面加 a
17、还是 an 不是看其首字母是不是元音 字母，而是看首字母的发音是不是元音，如 an hour,an honest boy ,其首字母不是 元音字母，但其发音却是以元音素开始，故用 an，而 a useful book,a university,a European, a one-hour trip， 虽然以元音字母开始， 但却读作辅音音素的音， 故用 a。 【例】 1As everyone knows, it's famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. (famous 前加 a) 2We may
18、 be one family and live under a same roof, but(a 改为 the) 3On Thursday I will have to decide what I want to do over a weekend.(a 改为 the) 4I hope you've had pleasant journey home (had 后加 a) 八、考点设置之形容词和副词 命题特点及改正方法：形容词与副词的误用。形容词与副词的误用。主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形 容词及副词的比较级等。(1)根据形容词或副词的基本用法确定错误；(2)修饰连 系动词
19、或名词用形容词；(3)修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副 词。 如 exciting 与 excited，hard 与 hardly，possible 与 possibly，here 与 there 等， 以及形容词与副词的比较级与最高级。 【例】 1I would describe myself as shy and quietly.(quietly 改为 quiet) 2 There have been reports in America about people trying to steal person information for bad purposes
20、.(person 改为 personal) 3Finding information on the Net is easily.(easily 改为 easy) 4 So what I learned from the job was much more important as what I earned.(as 改为 than) 5My pronunciation was terribly.(terribly 改为 terrible) 九、考点设置之非谓语动词 命题特点改正方法： (1)谓语动词和非谓语动词的错用； (2)动词不定式和动名词的错用； (3)现在分词和过去分词的错
21、用等。 【例】 1 Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything as they please.(allow 改 为 allows) 2My parents will do all they can make sure that I get a good education.(make 前加 to) 3 Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express myself in simple English.(talk 改为
22、 talking) 4We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.(visiting 改为 visited) 5Some students may also to save up for their college or future use.(去掉 to) 专项训练专项训练 Passage 1 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的 以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个 单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线
23、()划掉。 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2只允许修改 10 处，多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。 Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei Mountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows, its famous 76. _ Mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather 77. _ Was fine. It was abo
24、ut noon we arrived at the foot of 78. _ the mountain, the three of them were very excited. As we 79. _ climbed the mountain, we saw monkeys, visiting temples 80. _ and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture 81._ since the scenery was so beauti
25、ful. The time passes quickly. 82. _ Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top 83. _ of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was 84. _ good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85. _ head touched the pillow. 【答案与解析】 Passage 2 假定英语课上老
26、师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的 以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个 单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2只允许修改 10 处，多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。 Dear Abby, How are you? Today I've got a wonderful news to tell you. 76
27、._ I have offered a scholarship at a university in Australia for my 77._ further education. One hundred and twenty students took exam 78._ for it, but only a few was chosen and I was one of them. However, 79._ my parents are not happy about it. They are strong against me &nb
28、sp; 80._ going there. They say it is too far away that they will not see me 81._ for a whole year and they are afraid of I will feel lonely. They 82._ can't imagine a girl so young live alone. They advise me to study 83._ in the capital instead. Then I'll be able to continue living with 84._ them. How can I persuade them to accept the fact I have grown up? 85._ Best wishes, Jane 【答案与解析】
