1、时态（二）过将+现进+过进+现完+过完构成（肯定构成（肯定/否定否定/疑问）疑问）过去将来时态过去将来时态Should/Would I/we work?Would he/she/it/you/they work?肯肯定：定：主语+should/would+动词原形I/We should/would work.He/She/It/You/They would work.否定：否定：主语+should/would+not+动原疑问：疑问：should/would+主语+动词原形I/We should not/would not work.He/She/It/You/They would not w
2、ork.表动作表动作基本用法基本用法过去将来时态过去将来时态 Mary told me that she would visit her grandparents.过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，主要用于宾语从句（包括间接引语），存在的状态，主要用于宾语从句（包括间接引语），表示从句动作发生在主句动作之后。表示从句动作发生在主句动作之后。He said he would interview the famous singer.构成（肯定构成（肯定/否定否定/疑问）疑问）现在进行时态现在进行时态 Are you sleepi
3、ng?Is she sleeping?肯定：肯定：主语+am/is/are+v-ing I am sleeping.He is sleeping.We are sleeping.否定：否定：主语+am/is/are+not+v-ing疑问：疑问：am/is/are+主语+v-ing I am not sleeping.He is not sleeping.动词变化规则动词变化规则/标志词标志词现在进行时态现在进行时态now,at this moment,look!listen!right now,these days 现在分词变化规则现在分词变化规则 时间标志词时间标志词 直直一般动词直接加
4、ingwalkwalking去去以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e再加-ingmakemaking双双辅元辅结尾动词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-ingputputting改改ie结尾的动词，改ie为y，再加-ingdiedying lielying tietying现进标志要记清 现在此刻看和听 立刻马上和最近 基本用法基本用法现在进行时态现在进行时态Who are you waiting for?We are talking about you now.表示说话时谓语的动作正在进行表示说话时谓语的动作正在进行 The students are working on the farm these
5、days.表现阶段正在进行，但说话时动作表现阶段正在进行，但说话时动作不一定不一定正在进行正在进行Mary is arriving here at 4 oclock this afternoon.有些动词可进行时表将来（已确定或安排好的将来）有些动词可进行时表将来（已确定或安排好的将来）这类动词有go,come,leave,arrive,move,die等 He is always asking questions.与与always等副词连用，表赞扬讨厌等主观色彩等副词连用，表赞扬讨厌等主观色彩1）表示状态或感觉词，如：know,love,like,want,hear,see,think等，一
6、般没有进行时态2）非延续性动词，如：jump,begin,start,stop等一般不宜用于进行时态构成（肯定构成（肯定/否定否定/疑问）疑问）过去进行时态过去进行时态 Were you sleeping?Was she sleeping?肯定：肯定：主语+was/were+v-ing I was sleeping.We were sleeping.否定：否定：主语+was/were+not+v-ing疑问：疑问：was/were+主语+v-ing I was not sleeping.They were not sleeping.动词变化规则动词变化规则/标志词标志词过去进行时态过去进行时态
7、 动词变化规则（同现在分词）动词变化规则（同现在分词）时间标志词时间标志词 at that time,at that moment,this time yesterday evening,this morning,the whole morning,all day,yesterday,from nine to ten last evening等；或者与when,while,as引导的过去时间状语连用;或者有表示过去的具体某个时刻的时间状语直直一般动词直接加 ingwalkwalking去去以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e再加-ingmakemaking双双辅元辅结尾动词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加
8、-ingputputting改改ie结尾的动词，改ie为y，再加-ingdiedying lielying tietying基本用法基本用法过去进行时态过去进行时态He was having breakfast at 6:30 yesterday morning.表示过去某个精确时间正在进行的动作表示过去某个精确时间正在进行的动作He was writing a book last year.表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作构成（肯定构成（肯定/否定否定/疑问）疑问）现在完成时态现在完成时态 Have you had lunch?肯定：肯定：主语+have/has+
9、done（过去分词）I have had lunch.否定：否定：主语+have/has+not+done（过去分词）疑问：疑问：Have/Has+主语+done（过去分词）?I have not had lunch.She has had lunch.I has not had lunch.Has she had lunch?动词变化规则动词变化规则/标志词标志词现在完成时态现在完成时态 过去分词变化规则过去分词变化规则 判断标志词判断标志词 直直一般动词直接加 edwantwanted ownowned去去以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e再加-edlikeliked continueconti
10、nued双双辅元辅结尾动词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-edstopstopped 改改以辅音加y结尾的动词，改y为i，再加-edstudystudied动词过去加动词过去加eded，直去双改请牢记，直去双改请牢记(和过去式变化相同和过去式变化相同)不规则变化（有些和过去式相同，有些不同）不规则变化（有些和过去式相同，有些不同）since+时间点，for+时间段，in the past/last few days(months,years)already（肯定句）,yet（否定，疑问句）,ever,never,twice（once）,so far（到目前为止）,before（以前）,recen
11、tly（近来）等词连用 表示瞬间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用。基本用法基本用法现在完成时态现在完成时态She has been ill for three days,thats why he isnt here today.表过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态，对现在仍有影响表过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态，对现在仍有影响We have known each other since we were children.表从过去某时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态表从过去某时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态He h
12、as already left,so you cannot meet him now.I have studied English for 5 years.瞬间动词和延续动词转化瞬间动词和延续动词转化现在完成时态现在完成时态1、diebe dead2、buyhave3、finish/endbe over4、begin/startbe on5、openbe open6、closebe closed7、borrow/lendkeep8、arrive/come/gobe in/at/be here/be there9、leavebe away（from）10、becomebe11、catch/get
13、 a coldhave a cold12、fall asleepbe asleep13、join the armybe in the army/be a soldier14、joinbe in/be amember of15、return/come back/get backbe backThe ghost has died,so you dont have to worry about it.The ghost has been dead for 3 days,so you dont have to worry about it.have been to,have gone to,have
14、been in 区别区别现在完成时态现在完成时态His parents have been in China for three months.I have been here for two hours.She has been a teacher for five years.have been in意为意为“在某地呆了多长时间在某地呆了多长时间”;have been意为意为“成为成为多长时间多长时间”；He has just been to the library.They have never been to the Great Wall.I have been to Beijing
15、many times.have been to意为意为“曾经去过某地曾经去过某地”Where is Tom?He has gone to the post office.Mr Green isnt here.He has gone to Shanghai.have gone to意为意为“到某地去了到某地去了”，说话时不在现场说话时不在现场构成（肯定构成（肯定/否定否定/疑问）疑问）过去完成时态过去完成时态 Had you finished lunch when I called you?肯定：肯定：主语+had+done（过去分词）The bus had left when I arrive
16、d at the bus stop.否定：否定：主语+had+not+done（过去分词）疑问：疑问：Had+主语+done（过去分词）?He had not finished the work when I arrived.动词变化规则动词变化规则/标志词标志词过去完成时态过去完成时态 过去分词变化规则过去分词变化规则 时间标志词时间标志词 直直一般动词直接加 edwantwanted ownowned去去以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e再加-edlikeliked continuecontinued双双辅元辅结尾动词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-edstopstopped 改改以辅音加y结尾的
17、动词，改y为i，再加-edstudystudied动词过去加动词过去加eded，直去双改请牢记，直去双改请牢记不规则变化（有些和过去式相同，有些不同）不规则变化（有些和过去式相同，有些不同）before,by,until,when等引导的过去时间状语基本用法基本用法过去完成时态过去完成时态I had lived in Shenzhen by yesterday.（过去某时间前）过去完成时表示过去某一时间以前或过去某一动作以前已完过去完成时表示过去某一时间以前或过去某一动作以前已完成的动作，即过去的过去。成的动作，即过去的过去。He had finished his work before he
18、 came here.（过去动作前）基本用法基本用法现在完成进行时态现在完成进行时态I have been living here for 8 years.我在这儿生活八年了。表表“持续持续”：某个动作或状态持续到现在或将来某个动作或状态持续到现在或将来We have been seeing each other quite often recently.最近我们经常见面。表表“重复重复”：在一段持续的时间内动作的多次重复在一段持续的时间内动作的多次重复 She has been calling me several times this week.表示一定的感情色彩，如厌恶指责等表示一定的感
19、情色彩，如厌恶指责等They are very tired.They have been working hard.他们很劳累。他们一直在努力工作。I have been going to the hospital this month.我这个月总是往医院跑。一般过去一般过去 VS VS 现在完成现在完成 I have studied English for 3 years.一般过去一般过去只表示只表示过去的过去的动作或状态动作或状态,不强调对现在的影响不强调对现在的影响I studied English.现在完成现在完成表示过去的动作或状态表示过去的动作或状态一直延续一直延续,或强调或强调对
20、现在的影响对现在的影响I have studied English since 3 years ago.一般过去一般过去常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用I studied English 3 years ago.现在完成现在完成常与现在完成时相关的时间状语连用常与现在完成时相关的时间状语连用 I have studied English for 3 years.一般过去一般过去 VS 过去完成过去完成 I had studied English before I went to America.一般过去一般过去表示以表示以现在为参照点的过去现在为参照点的过去I
21、studied English.过去完成过去完成表示以过去为参照点的过去，即过去的过去表示以过去为参照点的过去，即过去的过去I studied English 3 years ago.一般过去一般过去常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用过去完成过去完成时间状语常用时间状语常用by和和before引导，如引导，如by that time,by the end of,before 2000,by the time 等等I had studied English for 3 years by 2010.I had studied English before 2010.现
22、在过去的过去过去现在完成现在完成 VS VS 过去完成过去完成 I had studied English for 10 years when I met him.现在完成现在完成表示的是延续到现在或同现在有关的动作表示的是延续到现在或同现在有关的动作I have studied English for 10 years.过去完成过去完成表示在过去某时之前已经完成或延续到过去某时的动作表示在过去某时之前已经完成或延续到过去某时的动作I have studied English since 3 years ago.现在完成现在完成常与现在完成相关的时间状语连用常与现在完成相关的时间状语连用 since,for,already过去完成过去完成常与过去完成相关的时间状语连用常与过去完成相关的时间状语连用 by,before,when I had studied English for 3 years before 2014.
