1、动词的时态、语态 0101 0202 动词的时态动词的时态 一般现在时|一般过去时|一般 将来时|过去将来时|现在完成 时|过去完成时|现在完成进行 时|现在进行时|过去进行时 动词的语态动词的语态 被动语态的构成 |被动语态的基 本用法|主动形式表示被动意义 I. 单句语法填空 | II. 单句改 错 | III. 翻译句子 0303 针对训练针对训练 问题诊断 . 单句语法填空 1. Diets have changed in Chinaand so too has its top crop. Since 2011， the country _ (grow) more corn than
2、rice.(2018 全国卷) 2. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government _ (start) a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmersand 2011，fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. (2018 全国卷) 3. True to a gorillas unaggressive nature，the hu
3、ge animal _ (mean) me no real harm. He was just saying：“Im king of this forest， and here is your reminder!” (2018 全国卷) 4When fat and salt _ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.(2017 全国卷) are removed has grown started meant . 单句改错 1. I didnt realize how right my parents
4、are until I entered high school.(2018 全国卷) 2. It was Monday morning，and the writing class had just begin. (2018 全 国卷) 3I had grown not only physically，but also mentally in the past few years.(2017 全国卷) 4About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and became a n
5、ew member of the school music club.(2017 全国卷) have taken were begun 5Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking. (全国卷 ) 6A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop. (全国卷) used told 一、 一般现在时 一般现在时的构成。 一般现在时主要由动词的原形表示，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语一般由动词
6、原 形后加s或es构成。其变化觃则如下： 1 一、 一般现在时 一般现在时的构成。 1 一、 一般现在时 表示经常性、习惯性的动作，句中常用 often，usually，sometimes，every day 等 时间状语。 表示客观事实、真理格言或者警句。 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。 表示按时间表计划、觃定将要发生的动作，但限于少数动词，如：begin，come， leave，go，arrive，start，stop，return，open，close，take off等。 2一般现在时的用法。 He goes to school by bicycle every
7、 day. As we all know，objects fall to the ground because of gravity. When I graduate，Ill go to the countryside. The meeting begins at seven. The plane takes off at 6 oclock tomorrow morning. 二、 一般过去时 一般过去时的构成。 1 一般过去时由动词的过去式表示，规则动词的过去式一般由动词原形加ed构成，其 变化觃则如下： 二、 一般过去时 2一般过去时的用法。 表示在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态
8、，常有表示过去时间的状语，或 有上下文暗示；还可表示 表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，若主句用了过去将来时，从句常用一般过去时表示 过去将来的意义。 有些动作发生的时间没有具体表明,但实际上是刚才,刚刚”发生,或者是表示说话人 原来没有料到、想到、注意到、认出或忘记等应使用一般过去时。 He finished writing his novel last month. I felt very tired when I got home，and I went straight to bed. When I was a child，I often pla
9、yed football in the street. He said he would tell her about the news as soon as he met her. Your phone number again？I didnt quite catch it. I didnt recognize him. 二、 一般过去时 火眼金睛： Mr. White _ in Paris for seven years，and he lives in Beijing now. 怀特先生在巴黎住过七年，他现在住在北京。 lived 表示过去一段时间内完成的动作。 三、一般将来时 will/
10、shall动词原形。 1 表示客观的将来，常不表示将来的时间状语tomorrow，next week等连 用。shall一般用于第一人称，will可用于各种人称。 My birthday is coming. I shall be 18 years old. We will have a meeting tomorrow. What time is it? I have no idea. But just a minute，I will check it for you. 一般将来时表示从现在看来将要发生的动作或状态。 will还可表达说话时临时做出的决定。 三、一般将来时 be going
11、to动词原形。 2 “be going to动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹 象预示着要发生某事。 I am going to buy some books with my sister this afternoon. 我打算下午和姐姐去买些书。 Look at the clouds. It is going to rain. 看那些乌云。天要下雨了。 三、一般将来时 be to 动词原形， 表示按计划迚行的动作或征求对方意见。还可 表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。 3 The boy is to go to school tomorrow. 男孩明天要去上学。 Are we t
12、o go on with this work? 我们要继续这项工作吗？ Youre to be back before five oclock. 5点前你要回来。 A meeting is to be held at 3clock this afternoon. 会议将于今天下午3点举行。 4 be about to do表示“即将，正要”，后面丌能接时间状 语或状语从句。 Autumn harvest is about to start. 秋收即将开始。 be to do和be going to do的区别 be to do表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to do表示主
13、观的打算或计划。 I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。(客观安排) Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。(主观想法) 四、过去将来时 过去将来时的常用表达法：would/should动词原形。 1 表示对过去某一时间点而言将要发生的动作或存在状态。 I hoped that we would meet again someday. I would swim in the small river after school when I was a chil
14、d. 表示过去的某种习惯行为。 四、过去将来时 过去将来时的其他表达法 2 was/were going to do表示过去的打算和意图。 was/were to动词原形。这种结构通常指过去的计划、安排或注定 要发生的事情。如果计划的动作没有实现，要用动词的完成式。 was/were about to动词原形。这种结构表示过去即将发生的事， 常与when连用。 He was going to start work the following week. He said he was to meet his friend at the station at 4 pm. I was about t
15、o go out when someone called me. 五、现在完成时 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果或已经完成的某一动作.常与lately, recently, so far, by now, up to/till now,in the last/past few days/years等时间状语连用。 1 I dont want to go to the cinema with you，because I have seen the film already. The film Wolf Warrior has received good reviews since it
16、 came out last month. 现在完成时的谓语构成：have(has) 过去分词。 2 .表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态， 常与“for时间段”，“since时间点”等表示一段时间的状语连用。 五、现在完成时 常用现在完成时的句型 3 It is (has been ) three years since he joined the army. It is the most instructive lecture that I have attended since I came to this school. It is the third
17、 time that you have been late for work this week， isnt it? 在“It (This) is the best (worst，most interesting等)名词 从句”中，从句中的谓语用现在完成时。 在“It (This) is (will be) the first/second/third.timethat从句” 中，that从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。 It is (has been)一段时间since从句 六、过去完成时 过去完成时的构成为haddone。表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即 “过去的过去”，句中有明显的表
18、示过去的参照动作或时间状语。(by，by the end of，by the time，until，before，since等表示过去某一时间的短语或从句) 表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等，常用had hoped/ planned/ meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或用上述动词的 过去式接不定式的完成式,即:hoped/planned.to have done。 1 Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. By t
19、he time Jack returned home from England，his son had graduated from college. We had hoped that you would come，but you didnt. 2 六、过去完成时 常用过去完成时的句型 3 Hardly had the speaker finished his speech when the audience kept asking him questions. 演讲者一结束他的讲话，观众就不停地向他提问。 That was the second time that she had seen
20、 her grandfather. 这是她第二次看见她的祖父了。 “hardly (scarcely).when.，no sooner.than.”句型结构中，主句用过去完 成时，从句用一般过去时，意思为“刚就”。 表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。 六、过去完成时 4 “时间名词before”在句中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时； “时间名词ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去时。 两个动作如按顺序发生，又丌强调先后，或用then，and，but 等 连接时，多用一般过去时。 在before或after引导的时间状语从句中可用一般过去时代替过去完 成时。 He said
21、 his first teacher had died at least 10 years before. Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago. My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. After he (had) left the room，the boss came in. 七、现在完成进行时 现在完成进行时的构成为have/hasbeendoing.常用来表示开始于过 去某个时间，一直延续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。 表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作 表示某种感情色彩。 1 Tom looks tired
22、because he has been cleaning the house since 9 am. You have been saying you can succeed for five years. Too much has been happening today. 2 3 现在完成时与现在完成进行时 He has written a book He has been writing a book. He has taught for 30 years. He has been teaching for 30 years. 已经写完已经写完 不一定写完不一定写完 意思差别不大意思差别
23、不大 八、现在进行时 现在迚行时的构成。 1 现在迚行时的构成形式为：am/is/arev.ing。v.ing形式的变化觃则如下： 八、现在进行时 现在迚行时的用法。 2 We are waiting for you at the airport. Mr. Green is writing another novel these days. Its getting warmer and warmer. 。 You are always changing your mind. 表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。 表示当前一段时间正在迚行的动作，说话时动作未必正在迚行。 表示逐渐变化的动作
24、，这样的动词有：get，grow，become，turn， run，go，begin等。 不always，constantly，forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或 持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观感情色彩。 八、现在进行时 不用进行时的动词 3 (1)表示事实状态的动词和心理状态的动词，如 belong, possess,owe， exist，include，contain，continue，know，realize，believe， suppose，imagine，agree，recognize，prefer，understand等。 This house belongs t
25、o my sister.这房子是我姐的。 (2)系动词，如seem，remain，lie，see，hear，smell，feel，taste， get，become，turn等。 You seem a little tired.你看上去有点累 九、过去进行时 过去迚行时表示过去某个时刻或者某段时间正在进行的动作或存在的状态。 常用的时间状语有：at six this morning，the whole morning，all day yesterday，from nine to ten last evening等。 I was making a modal plane at nine yest
26、erday evening. 我昨天晚上九点正在制作模型飞机。 My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我哥哥骑车时摔了下来，受了伤。 1 2 过去迚行时的另一个主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作延续的 时候，另一个短动作发生，常用于when和 while引导的时间状语从句。 十、将来进行时（选讲） 表示将来某时或某一时段正在进行的动作，常表示事情的 正常发展。 Ill be doing jobs about the house tomorrow. 明天我将要干些家务活。 We will be
27、having a meeting at three oclock tomorrow afternoon. 1 一、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态 的变化。被动语态常见的时态变化(以动词build为例)列表如下： 二、被动语态的基本用法 丌知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。 1 为了强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身。 Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. This jacket is made of cotton. Cars of this kind we
28、re made in the 1980s. 2 3 用在科技文献或新闻报道中。 get过去分词可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。 The patient got treated once a week. 三、主动形式表达被动意义 系动词(look, feel, taste, sound, smell, prove, seem, appear等)形容词或 名词。 表示开始、结束、运动的动词(begin, finish, close, open, start, stop, shut， move, run等)。 表示主语的特点或特征的动词(read, write, sell，wash, wear, c
29、ut, lock, act, draw, drive, drink, eat, clean等)。 The dish tastes good. The store closes at 6：00 pm. every day. Books of this kind sell well. The pen writes smoothly. 1 2 3 四、不能用被动语态的几种情况 (1)(1)所有的所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。不能用于被动语态之中。 (2)(2)表示表示状态的状态的谓语动词，如：谓语动词，如：lastlast，holdhold，cont
30、aincontain，fitfit， costcost等。等。 (3)(3)表示表示归属归属的动词，如的动词，如havehave，ownown，belong tobelong to等。等。 (4)(4)表示表示“ “希望、意图、喜好希望、意图、喜好” ”的动词，如：的动词，如：wishwish，wantwant，hopehope， likelike，lovelove，hatehate等。等。 (5)(5)宾语是宾语是反身代词反身代词或或相互代词相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被 动语态。动语态。 (6)(6)宾语是宾语是同源宾语、不定式、动名词同源宾语、不定式
31、、动名词等等,谓语动词不用被动语态。谓语动词不用被动语态。 . 单句改错 1I learned great changes had been taken place in their life. (2019 茂名五 大联盟学校五月联考) 2When I first came to England，I know little English. (2019 日照4月联考) 3They had probably heard some horrible stories about other kids and think we might do the same. (2019 淄博模拟) 4I had
32、 taken with me the two books you asked me to return to the city library. (2019 山东师大附中模拟) knew have have . 翻译句子 1早睡早起是一个好习惯。 2我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。 3到目前为止，不止一名学生已经被录取到这家俱乐部。 4电话铃响时我正好要上床睡觉。 To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. When I got to the top of the mountain，the sun was shining. More th
33、an one student has been admitted to the club so far. I was about to go to bed when the phone rang. . 翻译句子 5那是他第三次告诉我要注意书写。 6在过去十年里，我们的城市里盖起了许多高楼大厦。 7即使明天下雨，我们也不会改变计划。 8到现在为止，两条铁路的建筑工作已完成。 It was the third time that he had told me to pay attention to my handwriting. In the past ten years，many tall buildings have been built in our city. We wont change our plan even if it rains tomorrow. The construction of the two new railway lines has been completed by now.
