1、1 阅读理解 2 七选五 3 语法填空 4 完形填空 5 目 录 Contents 6 短文改错 作文：应用文 2 阅读理解 （一）解题要点 忠实于原文忠实于原文, 不断章取义不断章取义, 看清问题看清问题, 看完所有选项看完所有选项 再选择再选择, 复查注意答案的一体性复查注意答案的一体性, 不自相矛盾不自相矛盾, 首先核首先核 准关键答案准关键答案, 以防一错皆错。以防一错皆错。 争取找到答案的依据，每个问题的答案均应在原文争取找到答案的依据，每个问题的答案均应在原文 中找中找 到相关的语句或段落。注意选项中以偏盖全的失误。到相关的语句或段落。注意选项中以偏盖全的失误。 理解作者的观点、态
2、度、写这篇文章的目的，要达到理解作者的观点、态度、写这篇文章的目的，要达到 的的 效果，作者所持的态度，要与作者站在同一个角度审视效果，作者所持的态度，要与作者站在同一个角度审视 问题，才能与作者合拍。尤其是推测性问题。只有与作问题，才能与作者合拍。尤其是推测性问题。只有与作 者视角一致才能作出合理性的推测。者视角一致才能作出合理性的推测。 2 阅读理解 （二）注意掌握丌同文体特点和阅读方法 说明文、科普文说明文、科普文：首句常为主题句。：首句常为主题句。 记叙文：记叙文：首句交代时间首句交代时间,地点地点,人物等因素。人物等因素。 新闻报道新闻报道：首句往往概括事件全貌。：首句往往概括事件全
3、貌。 应用文：应用文：字里行间找所需信息。字里行间找所需信息。 逆读法逆读法 广告类、说明文类文章要带着问题去找对应的时间、地点、人物；广告类、说明文类文章要带着问题去找对应的时间、地点、人物； 顺序定位法顺序定位法 阅读后面的题一般来说与文章内容的顺序是一致的；阅读后面的题一般来说与文章内容的顺序是一致的； 主题句寻找主题句寻找main idea法法 （topic sentence, best title, best topic etc.）; 2 阅读理解 （三）注意事项 1. 所选有据，避免主观臆断。所选有据，避免主观臆断。 2. 阅读题要求选阅读题要求选 最佳答
4、案，有的答案从某个枝节来看是最佳答案，有的答案从某个枝节来看是 对对 的，但从全文来看则不是最佳的，因此，必须的，但从全文来看则不是最佳的，因此，必须通盘考通盘考 虑，虑， 取主要信息，紧扣文章主旨，舍枝节取主要信息，紧扣文章主旨，舍枝节。 3. 遇到生词是正常的，千万不要惊慌，不会对文章的主遇到生词是正常的，千万不要惊慌，不会对文章的主 旨有旨有 太大的影响。太大的影响。词义猜测题，猜词如游戏，对比上下文词义猜测题，猜词如游戏，对比上下文。 4. 特别提醒：要相信自己的第一感觉，如果需要修改所特别提醒：要相信自己的第一感觉，如果需要修改所 选答选答 2
5、2 阅读理解 2018年6月浙江卷阅读理解语篇导 读 2018年高考英语浙江卷阅读理解涵盖人与社会、人与自然两大主题。体裁以议年高考英语浙江卷阅读理解涵盖人与社会、人与自然两大主题。体裁以议 论文和说明文为主。三篇文章都比较有深度，内容丰富，语言地道。论文和说明文为主。三篇文章都比较有深度，内容丰富，语言地道。 A篇论述了狄更斯的文学地位，以此来纪念这位文学巨人。篇论述了狄更斯的文学地位，以此来纪念这位文学巨人。普通高中英语课普通高中英语课 程程（2017年版）文化知识内容要求（必修）中提到“了解英美等国家主要的文年版）文化知识内容要求（必修）中提到“了解英美等国家主要的文 学家、艺术家、科学
6、家、政治家及其成就、贡献等”。通过阅读此文，学生能够学家、艺术家、科学家、政治家及其成就、贡献等”。通过阅读此文，学生能够 了解狄更斯的文学成就对世界文学的巨大影响，从而有助于他们文化知识的积累。了解狄更斯的文学成就对世界文学的巨大影响，从而有助于他们文化知识的积累。 B篇与环保有关，开头充满悬念。现在很多购物场所不再免费提供塑料袋，因篇与环保有关，开头充满悬念。现在很多购物场所不再免费提供塑料袋，因 为塑料袋影响环境，然而塑料袋制造商却希望向公众传达这样一个信息为塑料袋影响环境，然而塑料袋制造商却希望向公众传达这样一个信息他们他们 的产品没有人们想象的那么糟糕。文末，环境学家提出了他们的希望
7、。阅读此类的产品没有人们想象的那么糟糕。文末，环境学家提出了他们的希望。阅读此类 文章有助于提升学生分析和解决问题的能力、培养学生的批判性思维。文章有助于提升学生分析和解决问题的能力、培养学生的批判性思维。 C篇分析了美国的汽车工业发展对美国社会文化和环境的影响。本文语言较为篇分析了美国的汽车工业发展对美国社会文化和环境的影响。本文语言较为 抽象，其中引用了美国第抽象，其中引用了美国第31任总统胡佛的竞选口号“每个锅里都有鸡，每个车库任总统胡佛的竞选口号“每个锅里都有鸡，每个车库 都有车”，文末引用了美国作家一本书中的话，指出绿色经济才是长远发展之道。都有车”，文末引用了美国作家一本书中的话，
8、指出绿色经济才是长远发展之道。 文中涉及了较多的文化背景知识。文中涉及了较多的文化背景知识。 2 2 阅读理解 2018年6月浙江卷A篇语篇结构和特 征 In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a centurymost experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719but nobody wanted to do it profe
9、ssionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy（识字识字） rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.” Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just
10、plain bad. In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim were held up as moral touchstones. Today
11、 Dickens greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon（名人堂名人堂） of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa. How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time
12、is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half- dozen of them. Its partly true that Dickens style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. Its partly that his writings rode
13、 a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But its also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approach
14、es, it is possible and important for our own cultureto understand how he made himself lasting 关注文本结构，关注文本结构， 梳理语篇文脉。梳理语篇文脉。 （人物传记类）（人物传记类） 21. Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century? A. They were difficult to understand. B. They were popular among
15、the rich. C. They were seen as nearly worthless. D. They were written mostly by women. 2 2 阅读理解 2018年6月浙江卷A篇解题思路和技巧 In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a centurymost experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe
16、in 1719but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy（识字识字） rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.” Novels, for the most part, were
17、looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad. 细节理解题，理解文中具体信息，考查逻辑性思维细节理解题，理解文中具体信息，考查逻辑性思维 2 2 阅读理解 2018年6月浙江卷A篇解题思路和技巧 In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels
18、 and their readership and whose characters from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon（名人堂名人堂） of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa. 22. Dickens is com
19、pared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress_. A. his reputation in France B. his interest in modern art C. his success in publication D. his importance in literature 推理判断题答题技巧：推理判断题答题技巧： (1)定位细节。根据题干提供的定位细节。根据题干提供的 信息，到原文中去抓关键信息。信息，到原文中去抓关键信息。 (2)揣摩细节。对原文中的关键揣摩细节。对原文中的关键 信息进行分析、推理和判断，利信息进行分析、推理和判
20、断，利 用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推 断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。 推理判断题，根据所读内容作出判断和推理，考查评判性推理判断题，根据所读内容作出判断和推理，考查评判性 思维思维 2 2 阅读理解 2018年6月浙江卷A篇解题思路和技巧 How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game. Its partly that his writings rode a wave of
21、 social, political and scientific progress. But its also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is
22、possible and important for our own cultureto understand how he made himself a lasting one. 23. What is the authors purpose in writing the text? A. To remember a great writer. B. To introduce an English novel. C. To encourage studies on culture. D. To promote values of the Victorian age. 写作意图题，理解作者的意
23、图、观点和态度，考查评判性思写作意图题，理解作者的意图、观点和态度，考查评判性思 维维 技巧点拨技巧点拨 ： 根据文体类别推断写根据文体类别推断写 作目的，本篇人物传作目的，本篇人物传 记，介绍生平，纪念记，介绍生平，纪念 伟大。伟大。 2 2 阅读理解 2018年6月浙江卷B篇语篇结构和特征 Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that hes an environmental scientist who studies how to redu
24、ce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags. Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree
25、 branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台收银台). The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not
26、 as bad for the planet as most people assume. Among the bag makers' argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small perce
27、ntage of all garbage on the ground today. The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require
28、more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic. Environmentalists don't dispute(质疑质疑) these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years. 建构内在逻辑，建
29、构内在逻辑， 厘清文本结构。厘清文本结构。 （正反议论文）（正反议论文） 2 2 阅读理解 2018年6月浙江卷B篇解题思路和技巧 Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that hes an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive
30、 down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags. Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not all
31、ow them at checkouts(收银台收银台). The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume. 24. What has Steven Stei
32、n been hired to do? A. Help increase grocery sales. B. Recycle the waste material. C. Stop things falling off trucks. D. Argue for the use of plastic bags. 细节理解题，理解文中具体信息，考查逻辑性思维细节理解题，理解文中具体信息，考查逻辑性思维 2 2 阅读理解 2018年6月浙江卷B篇解题思路和技巧 Americans use more tha
33、n 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台收银台). The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hi
34、ring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume. 25. What does the word “headwinds” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. Bans on plastic bags. B. Effects of city development. C. Headaches cause
35、d by garbage. D. Plastic bags hung in trees. 词义猜测题，理解文章的基本结构，考查逻辑性思词义猜测题，理解文章的基本结构，考查逻辑性思 维维 词义猜测题词义猜测题: 1. 不管这个词多超纲，都能根据上下文得出其意思。不管这个词多超纲，都能根据上下文得出其意思。 2. 不管这个词多熟悉，都要通过上下文得出其在特定语境中的意不管这个词多熟悉，都要通过上下文得出其在特定语境中的意 思。思。 2 2 阅读理解 2018年6月浙江卷B篇解题思路和技巧 The industry has also taken aim at
36、the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least
37、131 times to be better for the planet than plastic. 26. What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers? A. They are quite expensive. B. Replacing them can be difficult. C. They are less strong than plastic bags. D. Producing them requires more energy. 细节理解题，理解文中具体信息，考查评判性思维细
38、节理解题，理解文中具体信息，考查评判性思维 2 2 阅读理解 2018年6月浙江卷B篇解题思路和技巧 Among the bag makers' argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small
39、percentage of all garbage on the ground today. The industry. Environmentalists don't dispute(质疑质疑) these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years. 27. What is the best title for the text? A. Plastic, Paper or Neither
40、 B. Industry, Pollution and Environment C. Recycle or Throw Away D. Garbage Collection and Waste Control 主旨大意题，理解文章的主旨要义，考查创造性思维主旨大意题，理解文章的主旨要义，考查创造性思维 2 2 阅读理解 好的标题应具备三大特点 标 题 A概括准确而又简短 B醒目能引发读者的阅读欲望 C针对性标题外延正好不文章内容相 符 2 2 阅读理解 2018年6月浙江卷C篇语篇结构和特征 As cultural symbols go, the American ca
41、r is quite young. The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line（装配线装配线） on September 27, 1908. Only eleven cars were produced the next month. But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them. Modern America was b
42、orn on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger. For most of the last century, the car represented what it meant to be Americangoing forward at high speed to find new worlds. The ro
43、ad novel, the road movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system, the largest public works project in history. In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Sinc
44、e then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster. In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990. The prob
45、lems of excessive(过度的过度的) energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L. Friedman. He fears the worst, but hopes for the best. Friedman points out that the green economy(经济经济) is a chance to keep American strength. “The ability
46、 to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy ” 提出汽车文化现提出汽车文化现 象象 对社会文化的影对社会文化的影 响响 带来的环境问题带来的环境问题 未来发展之路未来发展之路 明晰篇章类型，明晰篇章类型， 问题解决模式。问题解决模式。 （说明文）（说明文） 2 2 阅读理解 2018年6月浙江卷C篇解题思路和技巧 Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. Th
47、e car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger. For most of the last century, the car represented what it meant to be Americangoing forward at high speed to find new worlds. The road novel, the road movie, these are
48、 the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system, the largest public works project in history. 28. Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2? A. To explain Americans love for travelling by car. B. To show the influence of cars on Amer
49、ican culture. C. To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans. D. To praise the effectiveness of Americas road system. 推理判断题，根据所读内容作出判断和推理，考查评判性推理判断题，根据所读内容作出判断和推理，考查评判性 思维思维 推理判断题技巧：推理判断题技巧： 1. 不选择照抄原文的选项，不选择照抄原文的选项， 要选择要有同义词解释的选要选择要有同义词解释的选 项。项。 2. 不选事实细节选项不选事实细节选项 3. 不选非事实选项不选非事实选项 4. 选概括
50、性选概括性/哲理性的选项哲理性的选项 2 2 阅读理解 2018年6月浙江卷C篇解题思路和技巧 The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster. In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990. The problems of excessive(过度的过度的) energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thoma
