1、 Discovering useful structuresUnit 3 Food and CultureThe past perfect tense and its passive voice1.Enable the Ss to master the usage of past perfect tense and its passive voice in this unit.2.Enable the Ss to use the relevant grammar flexibly.Step1 学习目标学习目标 1Step2 问题导学问题导学 51.What s the strucure of
2、the past perfect tense and its passive voice?2.What s the usage of past perfect tense and its passive voice?3.How to use the relevant grammar flexibly?1.We started to learn English 5 years ago.一般过去时一般过去时表示在表示在过去过去某时发生的动作或存某时发生的动作或存在的状态。在的状态。2.We have learned English for 5 years.现在完成时现在完成时表示动作从过去已经开始
3、，一直延表示动作从过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态续到现在的动作或状态.其结构为：其结构为：“助动词助动词 have（has）+过去分词过去分词”5 years ago now 5 years ago have learned nowStep3 点拨精讲点拨精讲 25昨天当李华到达车站时，公昨天当李华到达车站时，公共汽车车已经开走了。共汽车车已经开走了。过去完成时过去完成时表示在过去某个时间或动作之表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或存在的状态，前已经发生或完成了的动作或存在的状态，即即“过去的过去过去的过去（past-in-the-past）”。过去完成时过去完成时的
4、的概念与结构特点概念与结构特点:past in the pastpast now过去完成时过去完成时的的判断依据判断依据:由由“过去的过去过去的过去”来判定。来判定。过去完成时表示过去完成时表示“过去的过去过去的过去”，先先发生的动作用发生的动作用过去完过去完成时成时，后后发生的动作用发生的动作用一般过去时一般过去时。When I got to the station,the train had already left.After he had finished his homework,he went to bed.first firstWe had learned English for
5、 4 years by last year.5 years ago last year nowhad learned由时间状语来判定由时间状语来判定与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：(1)by+过去的时间点。过去的时间点。(2)by the end of+过去的时间点。过去的时间点。(3)before+过去的时间点。过去的时间点。the policeman get to the shopTom run away By the time the policeman By the time the policeman _(get)to the shop,Tom _(get
6、)to the shop,Tom _(run)away._(run)away.gothad runExerciseshis grandma come from AmericaLi Hua grow up By the time his grandma _(come)By the time his grandma _(come)from America,Li Hua_from America,Li Hua_(grow)up.(grow)up.camehad grownactivepassiveThe room looked nice.Somebody had cleaned it.The roo
7、m looked nice.It had been cleaned.had donehad been done基本构成基本构成“过去的过去过去的过去”had not donehad not been done1.在在 told，said，knew，heard，thought 等动词后的等动词后的宾语从句宾语从句。e.g.She said(that)she _(be)to Paris.12had beenI thought I _(send)the letter a week before.had sent2.状语从句状语从句 在过去在过去不同时间不同时间发生的发生的两个动作两个动作中，中，发生
8、在先，用过去完成时发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时发生在后，用一般过去时。e.g.When the police arrived,the thieves _(run)away.When she returned home,she found that all her furniture _(ruin)by the flood.had runhad been ruined3.表示表示意向意向的动词，如的动词，如hope,wish,expect，think,intend,mean等等,用用过去完成时过去完成时表示表示“原本原本,却未能却未能”。e.g.We _(hope)that y
9、ou would come,but you didnt.I _(intend)to see you,but I had to look after my baby.14had hopedhad intended 4.在在by,by the end of,by the time,before,后接表示后接表示过去某一时间过去某一时间的短语或从句。的短语或从句。e.g.By the end of last year,we _(produce)20,000 cars.The train _(leave)before we reached the station.had producedhad lef
10、tBy nine oclock last night，we _(get)200 pictures from the spaceship.had got5.表示表示“一一就就”的句型：的句型：“hardly/scarcely+had done+when did”“no sooner+had done+than did”I had hardly entered the room when the light went out.Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.No sooner had he arrived
11、 than he went away again.16/406.过去完成时常用于一些固定句型：过去完成时常用于一些固定句型：(1)It/This/That was the first/second.time+that 从句从句，从句谓语动词常用从句谓语动词常用过去完成时过去完成时e.g.It was the third time that he _(mention)his mother in his speech.(2)It/That was the+形形容词最高级容词最高级+名词名词+that+主语主语 +had donee.g.It was the most interesting mov
12、ie that I _(watch).17had mentionedhad watched/40Present perfect or past perfect?18As far as I know,they _(live)in this city for twenty years.They _(live)in this city for twenty years before they moved to Shenyang.have livedhad lived过去完成时过去完成时:发生在发生在“过去的过去过去的过去”现在完成时现在完成时:发生在发生在过去过去但但与现在相关与现在相关比较：比较：
13、I _(learn)1，000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了到目前为止我已经学会了1 000个英语单词。个英语单词。I _(learn)1，000 English words by the end of last term.到上学期为止我已经学会了到上学期为止我已经学会了1 000个英语单词。个英语单词。have learnedhad learned/40过去完成时与现在完成时的区别：过去完成时与现在完成时的区别：现在完成时表示的动作发生现在完成时表示的动作发生在在_，但侧重对，但侧重对_产生的结果或造产生的结果或造成的影响；而过去完成时表示的动作不成的影响
14、；而过去完成时表示的动作不仅发生在过去，而且把时间推移到过去仅发生在过去，而且把时间推移到过去某一时间之前，即某一时间之前，即“_”，与，与现在时间不发生联系，通常在和过去某现在时间不发生联系，通常在和过去某时或某动作相比较时就会用到它。时或某动作相比较时就会用到它。过去过去现在现在过去的过去过去的过去20Step4:课堂小结课堂小结 1时态结构用法过去完成时主动：had done动作发生在过去的某个时间/动作之前被动：had been done/40 Hardly(1)_I_(get)up this morning when I had a strange feeling that it w
15、asnt going to be my day.I(2)_(intend)to have a big breakfast,but I had no time.I got up so late that I had to hurry to the bus stop to catch my bus.Unfortunately,I(3)_ (step)on a banana peel and fell on my backside.Whats worse,by the time I got to the bus stop,the bus(4)_(leave).I had no choice but
16、to run.It was the first time that I(5)_(run)to school.When I got to the classroom,I suddenly realized that it was Sunday.It is the worst day that I(6)_(have)in the past few years.Complete the following passage.had gothad intendedsteppedhad runhad lefthave hadConsolidationStep5 当堂检测当堂检测 15/40Fill in
17、each blank with the proper verb form:1.He said that he _(write)that letter.2.Before he arrived,the train _(leave).3.By then,they _(work)for eight hours.4.When she got to the cinema,the film _ already _(be)on for 15 minutes.5.Mary told me she _(meet)my mother before.6.By six oclock yesterday evening,
18、I _(finish)my homework.7.I went to Li Hongs house,but he _(go)out.8.The universities in Britain _(take)in many students from China and other Asian countries over the past few years.had writtenhad lefthad worked had been had methad finishedhad gonehave taken24【2020浙江卷】浙江卷】Some time after 10,000 BC，pe
19、ople made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 56，through agriculture.Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on 57 could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.Farming produced more food per person 58 hunting and g
20、athering，so people were able to raise more children.And，as more children were born，more food 59(need).Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 60_(change)lives.By about 6000 BC，people 61(discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.Later，they learned to work
21、with the 62(season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas，63(make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.This style of farming lasted for quite a long time.Then，with 64 rise of science，changes began.New methods 65(mean)that fewer people worked in farming.In the last century or so，the
22、se changes have accelerated.New power machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥)have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age.当堂检测当堂检测 1212inwhatthanwas neededto changehad discoveredseasonsmakingthemeant7.表示与表示与过去过去事实相反的虚拟语气中的使用：事实相反的虚拟语气中的使用：wish/would rather/if only/as if/
23、as though/if等。等。I wish I had seen him in person yesterday.我真希望昨天见到了他本人。我真希望昨天见到了他本人。I wish I had been there at that time.那时候我要在那儿就好了。那时候我要在那儿就好了。If only I had followed your advice!我要是听了你的劝告就好了！我要是听了你的劝告就好了！If I had hurried,I wouldnt have missed the train.如果我快点的话，我就不会误了火车。如果我快点的话，我就不会误了火车。（事实上我不在那儿。）
24、（事实上我不在那儿。）（事实上我没见到他。）（事实上我没见到他。）Last Sunday,I(1)_(intend)to go for an outing,but it began to rain early in the morning.So I went to the movies with my boy friend.had intendedgo for an outingbegin to raingo to the moviesLearn the sentence patterns.An unlucky day (eat up)(get up)By the time I(2)_(get
25、)up,my dog(3)_(eat)up all my breakfast on the table.got had eaten pastpresent6:007:009:159:30Then I went to see the film,hungry.When I(4)_(arrive)at the cinema,the(5)film _(be)on for 20 minutes.arrived had been (arrive)(be on)pastpresentIt was the first time that I(6)_(see)a film with my boy friend.
26、It was the most interesting movie that I(7)_(watch).had seenhad watched Hardly(8)_ I _(get)out of the cinema when I(9)_(meet)some friends.had got(get out of the cinema)(meet friends)metpresentpast We had dinner and talked happily.But when I was going to pay,I found my wallet and mobile phone(10)_(st
27、eal).What an unlucky day!had been stolenUseful expressions：1.when,by,before,after,until,since,for等等2.主语主语+had intended/planned/wished/hoped/expectedto do3.It/That was the first/second/time+that+主语主语+had done4.It/That was the+形形容词最高级容词最高级+名词名词+that+主语主语+had done5.Hardly/Scarcely had sb.done when sb.d
28、id No sooner had sb.done than sb.didintend to dodo ones homeworkget to the airporttake off/4034/40When the Titanic was built,people assumed it would never sink.So,when it sank on its first journey,the news(1)_(surprise)everyone greatly.The Titanic was built in Belfast,Ireland.Its makers(2)_(spend)a
29、great deal of money building the extraordinary ship.surprisedspent35/40When it was finished,it was the largest and most comfortable ship ever built.The Titanic set sail on 10 April 1921.I(3)_(want)to set foot on the Titanic ever since it was built,said Molly Brown,a Titanic survivor.I never imagined
30、 it would sink.had wanted36/40On 13 April,the Titanic was sailing at full speed towards New York.The captain,who(4)_(receive)warnings about icebergs all day,had missed the warnings as they(5)_(arrive).had receivedarrived37/40At 2.20 a.m.,the Titanic sank into the sea.It(6)_(hit)an iceberg just over
31、two hours before.Of the 2,208 people aboard the ship,only 705(7)_(survive).Explorer Robert Ballard(8)_(search)for the Titanic for more than 20 year before he found it.had hithad searchedsurvived38/40When new technology was developed,we(9)_(use)it to send cameras down into sea.Finally,we found the sh
32、ip.With his cameras,he was able to find the hole along the side of the ship which(10)_(cause)it to fill with water and sink.had causedused39/40Cai Lun is a famous Chinese inventor,known for inventing paper.Cai invented paper in AD 105,but(1)_ many times at first.Before his invention worked,Cai(2)_ m
33、any different parts of trees and plants to makeThe inventor of paperhear try catch fail showhad failedhad tried40/40paper even old fishing nets!After Cai invented paper,people all over China used it.At that time,however,no one(3)_ of Cai or paper in the West.Paper was spread to the West through the
34、Arabs,who learnt how to make paper in AD 751.had heard41/40They(4)_ several Chinese paper makers during a war,who then told them about Cais invention.Once the paper makers(5)_ people how to make paper,it came into widespread use all over the world.had shownhad caught42过去完成时的结构：过去完成时的结构：过去完成时的用法：过去完成
35、时的用法：过去完成时的否定形式：过去完成时的否定形式：过去完成时的疑问形式：过去完成时的疑问形式：主语主语had nothadnt+done+其它其它.Had+主语主语p.p.+其它其它?主语主语had+done强调强调过去过去某一个动作发生在某一个动作发生在另一个动作另一个动作前前常常用过去完成时态。常常用过去完成时态。43/40Practice1.Tom was disappointed that most of the guests _ when he _ at the party.A.left；had arrived B.left；arrivedC.had left；had arriv
36、ed D.had left；arrived 2.We _ four thousand new words A.had learned B.have learned C.learned D.will have learned Dby the end of last year.A441.I at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.A.am B.has been C.had been D.was2.When Mark opened the door,he saw a woman standing there.He her befo
37、re.A.never sawB.had never seenC.Never seesD.has never seenCB451.Hurry up!Alice amd Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.Oh!I thought they without me.A.went B.are goingC.have gone D.had gone2.The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box which placed under the Ministers car,A.has been B.was beingC.had been D.would beDC461.Did Linda see the traffic accident?No,not sooner than it happened.A.had she gone B.she had gone C.has she gone D.she has gone2.That was really a splendid evening.Its a year I enjoyed myself so much.A.when B.that C.before D.sinceAD47
