1、状语从句状语从句 一、一、 状语状语从句概览从句概览 二、二、 语法详解语法详解 在复合句中作状语的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句可以位于主句之前，也在复合句中作状语的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句可以位于主句之前，也 可以位于主句之后。可以位于主句之后。 1.1. 时间状语从句时间状语从句 1when, whilewhen, while 和和 asas 引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句 连词 含义 用法 when 当时候 可与延续性动词或非延续性动词连用；从句动作可以发生在主 句动作之前、之后或与主句动作同时发生 while 当时候 只可与延续性动词连用；侧重于主句动作与从句动作相对比 as 一
2、边一 边；随着 常与延续性动词连用；从句动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发 生 1. Researchers in Britain found that when French music was played, sales of French wines 状语从句状语从句 时间状语从句时间状语从句 地点状语从句地点状语从句 原因状语从句原因状语从句 结果状语从句结果状语从句 条件状语从句条件状语从句 方式状语从句方式状语从句 让步状语从句让步状语从句 比较状语从句比较状语从句 目的状语从句目的状语从句 状语从句是每年必考的语法项目，主要考查连词的正确使用。其中，对时间状语、条件状 语、让步状语从
3、句和结果状语从句的考察哦最为频繁。以往，重点考查的连词有： when,before, unless,so/as long as,however,sothat等。 高考分析 went up. 2. While watching TV, children do not merely absorb words and images. 3. As he grew older, he became less active. 特别注意 如果主句表示的是非延续性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示 在一段时间内正在进行的动作，则 when, while 与 as可互换使用。 When/While/As I
4、 was walking down the street, I came across an old friend. 2表示表示“一一就就”含义的词或短语引导的时间状语从句含义的词或短语引导的时间状语从句 (1)有的名词有的名词(短语短语)或副词可引导时间状语从句，如：或副词可引导时间状语从句，如：the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly 等，另外等，另外 as soon as 也可引导时间也可引导时间 状语从句，从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。状语从句，从句中用一般时态代替
5、将来时态。 For example, the moment you get on the airplane, start adjusting your biological clock to the destinations time. The boy ran off the minute he saw the owner of the orchard. (2)在在 hardly/scarcely . when 和和 no sooner . than .结构中，主句用过去完成时，结构中，主句用过去完成时， than 或或 when 所在的从句用一般过去时。所在的从句用一般过去时。 1. I h
6、ad hardly told him the news when he stopped listening. 2. He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering. 特别注意特别注意 在在 hardly/scarcely . when, no sooner . than .结构中，当结构中，当 hardly, scarcely 或或 no sooner 位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。 3.They had hardly reached Edinburgh when th
7、ey were ordered to return to London. Hardly had they reached Edinburgh when they were ordered to return to London. 3till, until和和 not . until/till 的用法的用法 until, till 两者均表示两者均表示“直到直到为止为止” ，引导时间状语从句。肯定句中，其主句谓语，引导时间状语从句。肯定句中，其主句谓语 动词必须为延续性动词，表示某动作一直延续到某时间为止。动词必须为延续性动词，表示某动作一直延续到某时间为止。not . until ., not
8、 . till .两者均表示两者均表示“直到直到才才” ，not 所在的主句的谓语动词必须为非延续性动所在的主句的谓语动词必须为非延续性动 词，表示某动作直到某时间才开始。词，表示某动作直到某时间才开始。until 可用于句首，而可用于句首，而 till 不可放在句首，不可放在句首，till 一一 般不用于强调句型。般不用于强调句型。 1. The father waited until his daughter had finished her homework. 2. The baby didnt go to bed until/till his mother returned. 4aft
9、er, before 引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句 after 表示表示“在在之后之后” ，before 表示表示“在在之前；还没来得及之前；还没来得及就就” 。 He changed his name after he left his hometown. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood diseases. 特别注意特别注意 (1)(1)“It will be/was时间段时间段before 从句从句”表示表示“在在之前还要多之前还要多
10、久久/ /过了多久才” 。过了多久才” 。 It will be half a year before I graduate. (2)(2)“It wont be/wasnt时间段时间段before 从句从句”表示表示“过不了多久就过不了多久就/没过多久没过多久 就” 。就” 。 It wasnt long before we started.。 5since 引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句 since 意为意为“自从自从以来以来” ，从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，主句的谓语动词，从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，主句的谓语动词 一般是延续性动词。一般是延续性动词。since 从句的
11、时态若是一般过去时，主句常用现在完成时或现在从句的时态若是一般过去时，主句常用现在完成时或现在 完成进行时。此外，完成进行时。此外，since 常用于以下句型：常用于以下句型： It is/has been时间段时间段since从句从句 常用一般过去时常用一般过去时 “It is/has been时间段时间段since 从句从句(常用一般过去时常用一般过去时)”句型的含义取决于从句的谓句型的含义取决于从句的谓 语动词是否为延续性动词。若从句谓语动词为非延续性动词，则表示从该动作开始语动词是否为延续性动词。若从句谓语动词为非延续性动词，则表示从该动作开始 一直延续到现在多久；若从句谓语动词为延续
12、性动词，则表示从该动作结束到现在一直延续到现在多久；若从句谓语动词为延续性动词，则表示从该动作结束到现在 多久。多久。 They have been friends since they met for the first time in London. 自从在伦敦第一次见面以来，他们一直是朋友。 It is three years since the war ended. 战争已经结束三年了。 It is three years since he lived here. 他不在这里住已经有三年了。他不在这里住已经有三年了。 6其他常见名词短语引导的时间状语从句其他常见名词短语引导的时间状语从
13、句 every time 每次每次 each time 每次每次 any time 任何时候任何时候 next time 下次下次 all the time (在某段时间内在某段时间内)一直一直 the first/last time 第一次第一次/最后一次最后一次 the day/year . 那天那天/年年 Every time I meet her I always forget her name. The first time I met her, I thought her nice and honest. ( (二二) )条件状语从句条件状语从句 1 1引导条件状语从句的常见从属连
14、词引导条件状语从句的常见从属连词( (短语短语) )有：有： if, unless, as/so long as, in case (万一万一), once, on condition that, provided/providing (that), supposing/suppose (that), assuming that (假设假设)等。等。 Youll fail the exam unless you study hard. They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weeke
15、nd. My parents dont mind what job I do as long as I am happy. 2 2only if 和和 if only 的区别的区别 only if 意为“只有” ，置于句首时主句的主谓要用部分倒装。意为“只有” ，置于句首时主句的主谓要用部分倒装。if oif onlynly 意为“但愿；要意为“但愿；要 是就好了” ，引导的从句要用虚拟语气：与现在的情况相反时，从句用一般过去时；是就好了” ，引导的从句要用虚拟语气：与现在的情况相反时，从句用一般过去时； 与过去的情况相反时，从句用过去完成时；与将来的情况相反时，谓语用“与过去的情况相反时，从
16、句用过去完成时；与将来的情况相反时，谓语用“would/couldwould/could 动词原形” 。动词原形” 。 Only if he studies harder can he catch up with others. 他只有更加努力学习才能赶上其他人。他只有更加努力学习才能赶上其他人。 If only it would stop raining！但愿雨会停！但愿雨会停！ ( (三三) )让步状语从句让步状语从句 1 1although, though, as 与 while e 引导的让步状语从句引导的让步状语从句 (1)although(1)although 引导让步状语从句时，
17、只能用正常语序；引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序； thoughthough 引导让步状语从句时，引导让步状语从句时， 可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序；可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序；asas 引导让步状语从句时只能用倒装语序，即从句中的表引导让步状语从句时只能用倒装语序，即从句中的表 语、状语或动词原形置于句首，若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词语、状语或动词原形置于句首，若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。 Although/Though he may be troubled, he always presents a calm smiling face. Child as/though h
18、e was, he helped me a lot. Try as/though he might, he could not open the door. (2)although 与与 though 都可以与都可以与 yet, still, nevertheless 连用，但不能和连用，但不能和 but 连用。连用。 Although/Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football. (3)(3)while 引导让步状语从句时，一般置于句首。引导让步状语从句时，一般置于句首。 While I admit that t
19、here are problems, I dont agree that they cannot be solved. 2 2even if 与与 even though 引导的让步状语从句引导的让步状语从句 even if 与与 even though 表示表示“即使，纵然即使，纵然” ，引导让步状语从句时，可用虚拟语气，也，引导让步状语从句时，可用虚拟语气，也 可以用陈述语气。可以用陈述语气。 Ill do it, even if it takes me all the afternoon. Even if I were in your place, I wouldnt take the
20、job. 3 3 “ “no matter疑问词”与“疑问词疑问词”与“疑问词ever”引导的让步状语从句”引导的让步状语从句 (1)(1)“no matter疑问词疑问词”相当于相当于“疑问词疑问词ever” ，二者都可以引导让步状语从句。，二者都可以引导让步状语从句。 Dont trust him, no matter what/whatever he says. (2)whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever 还可以引导名词性从句，还可以引导名词性从句，但但“no matter 疑问词疑问词”不可不可以。以。 4whether . or (not) .
21、引导的让步状语从句引导的让步状语从句 Whether . or .表示表示“不论不论还是还是” ，提供两种对比情况。，提供两种对比情况。 Well go on with the work, whether we can find the necessary tools or not. ( (四四) )地点状语从句地点状语从句 地点状语从句可用地点状语从句可用 where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere 等引导。地点状语从句可等引导。地点状语从句可 置于句首、句中或句尾。 If you happen to get lost in the wild, youd be
22、tter stay where you are and wait for help. Wherever she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her. 特别注意特别注意 where 既可引导定语从句，也可引导状语从句。引导定语从句时，从句既可引导定语从句，也可引导状语从句。引导定语从句时，从句 前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词，前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词，where 可替换成可替换成“介词介词which” ；而状语从句前则；而状语从句前则 无先行词。无先行词。 Youd better make a mark at the
23、place where you have any questions. ( (定语从句定语从句) ) Youd better make a mark where you have any questions. ( (状语从句状语从句) ) (五五)原因状语从句原因状语从句 引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：引导原因状语从句的从属连词有： because 因为因为 as 由于由于 since 既然既然 now that 既然既然 seeing that 由于；鉴于由于；鉴于 in that由于；因为由于；因为 considering (that)考虑到；鉴于考虑到；鉴于 (1)because 用来回
24、答用来回答 why 的提问，语气最强，一般放在主句之后。的提问，语气最强，一般放在主句之后。 (2)since, now that 表示已知的理由、稍加分析即可表明的原因，多放在句首。表示已知的理由、稍加分析即可表明的原因，多放在句首。 (3)as 引导的从句常放在句首，说明次要的原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中引导的从句常放在句首，说明次要的原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中(注意注意 比较：比较：for 连接的是并列句连接的是并列句)。 I dont get lonely now because I make the effort to see people. As it is fine,
25、we shall go out for a walk. 知识拓展知识拓展 when 也可表示也可表示“既然既然” ，引导原因状语从句。，引导原因状语从句。 How can they learn anything when they spend all their spare time watching television？ (六六)目的状语从句目的状语从句 (1)in order that 与与 so that 引导的目的状语引导的目的状语 两个连词都意为两个连词都意为“以便以便；为了；为了” ，其引导的状语从句中谓语应用，其引导的状语从句中谓语应用 “could/should/might/
26、would动词原形动词原形” 。in order that 比比 so that 正式，引导的状语从句正式，引导的状语从句 可置于主句之前或之后；而可置于主句之前或之后；而 so that 引导的从句只能置于主句之后。引导的从句只能置于主句之后。 Speak louder so that/in order that the people in the hall can all hear you. In order that we might get there on time, we should set out early. 特别注意特别注意 当主从句的主语一致时，当主从句的主语一致时，so
27、 thatso that 和和 in order thatin order that 引导的目的状语从引导的目的状语从 句可以转换成相对应的动词不定式结构。句可以转换成相对应的动词不定式结构。 We got up early so that we could arrive in time. We got up early so as to arrive in time. Betty saved money in order that she could buy a portable computer. Betty saved money in order to buy a portable c
28、omputer. (2)for fear that 与与 in case 引导的目的状语从句引导的目的状语从句 for fear that 表示表示“唯恐；生怕唯恐；生怕” ；in case 表示表示“以免，以防以免，以防” 。 Leave your key with your neighbor in case you lock yourself out one day. （七）结果状语从句（七）结果状语从句 引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：引导结果状语从句的从属连词有： so that 以至于以至于 so . that .如此如此以至于以至于 such . that . 如此如此以至于以至于
29、so . that .与与 such . that .引导结果状语从句的结构形式为：引导结果状语从句的结构形式为： so形容词形容词/副词副词that从句从句 so形容词形容词a/an可数名词单数可数名词单数that从句从句 somany/much/few/little 少少 名词名词that从句从句 sucha/an形容词可数名词单数形容词可数名词单数that从句从句 such形容词可数名词复数形容词可数名词复数/不可数名词不可数名词that从句从句 sucha lot of/lots of名词名词that从句从句 He is so experienced a worker that we
30、all believe him. He is such an experienced worker that we all believe him. 他是一位很有经验的工人，我们都信任他。他是一位很有经验的工人，我们都信任他。 特别注意特别注意 (1)在在 so . that .和和 such . that .结构中，当结构中，当“soadj./adv.”或或“such n.”置于句首时，主句要部分倒装。置于句首时，主句要部分倒装。 So fast did he run that I couldnt catch him. 他跑得那么快，我抓不住他。 (2)(2)除结果状语从句外，除结果状语从句
31、外，too . to ., . enough to ., so . as to ., such . as to .等不定等不定 式结构同样可以表示结果。式结构同样可以表示结果。 He got up too late to catch the first train. He didnt get up early enough to catch the first train. He got up so late as to miss the first train. 他起床太晚了以至于没赶上第一班火车。 ( (八八) )方式状语从句方式状语从句 引导方式状语从句的从属连词有：引导方式状语从句的从
32、属连词有： as正如；按照正如；按照 as if/as though好像；仿佛好像；仿佛 as if 或或 as though 引导的从句与事实相反时，通常用虚拟语气：与现在事实相反，从引导的从句与事实相反时，通常用虚拟语气：与现在事实相反，从 句用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，从句谓语用句用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，从句谓语用“had过去分词过去分词” ；与将来事实相反，从；与将来事实相反，从 句谓语用句谓语用“would/could/might动词原形动词原形” 。从句内容与事实相符或可能成为事实时，则。从句内容与事实相符或可能成为事实时，则 用陈述句语气。用陈述句语气。 They tre
33、at her as though she were their daughter. 他们待她如亲生女儿一样。他们待她如亲生女儿一样。 Look at the clouds! It looks as if it is going to rain. 看那些云！看起来好像要下雨了。看那些云！看起来好像要下雨了。 （九）（九）比较状语从句比较状语从句 比较状语从句一般位于句尾，常用 as . as, not as/so . as, 比较级than引导。 He is taller than any other student in our school. 他比我们学校的其他任何一个学生都高。 知识拓展知
34、识拓展 whatwhat 引导的比较状语从句的句式：引导的比较状语从句的句式：A is to B A is to B what C is to Dwhat C is to D “ “A A 对对 B B 而言正如而言正如 C C 对对 D D 一样” 。一样” 。 . .单句语法填空单句语法填空 1(2018 北京高考改编)_ we dont stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone. 2(2016 全国卷)Over time, _ the population grew, people beg
35、an cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. 3(2016 四川高考)The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does._ it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats. 4(2014 辽宁高考)Unbelievable! Oh .，_ you dont mind, Ill stop and take a deep brea
36、th. 5(2018 天津高考改编)Lets not pick these peaches until this weekend so _ they get sweet enough to be eaten. 6(2017 北京高考改编)_ birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes. 7And he speaks so slowly and strangely_ _it takes patience to understand what he is saying. 8No
37、t we succeed in letting wildlife live in peace can we smile in relief. 9In addition, some sharp remarks, they are eyecatching, may have misleading effects on the youth. 10Interesting it may seem, I dont like it. 11This is the first time I have seen the moonlight I came here. 12I believe this sports
38、meeting will remain a precious memory for all of us time goes by. 13If the guests are seated at the table, the hosts may serve the food, or it may be passed so _ each person may help himself. 14Air pollution is getting more and more serious, so we must take action it is too late. . .单句改错单句改错 1(2018
39、全国卷)The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life. 2(2015 陕西高考)My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up. 3(2015 浙江高考)If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget it. 4(2014 全国卷)A
40、nd it is wise to have as many good friends that we can. 5I have fallen in love with journalism when I was a child.6Before the old man came back, the smell of the whisky reminded him of the accident. 7The club was very popular that many students signed up for it. 8Write to me unless you have any ques
41、tions about the schedule. 9Luckily, he was the only one who finally got the job, so the manager decided to give the job to whoever he believed was helpful. 10As long as insects happen to touch the webs, no matter what hard they try, they cant escape. 11Besides, assign a little extra time for each ta
42、sk, such that the work will be carried out systematically. 12Shaking hands is the most popular way to greet each other while people meet. 13They said this was so a beautiful day that they would remember it forever. 14Its good to arrive early so you can get settled after classes start. 1. 解析：If 句意：如果
43、我们不阻止气候变化，世界上的许多动植物将会消失。根据 句意可知，此处应该用 if 引导条件状语从句，表示主句内容发生的条件。 2. 解析： as/when 句意：慢慢地，随着人口的增加(或：当人口增加时)，为了使食 物熟得更快，人们开始把食物切成小块。根据句意可知，此处可用 as/when 引导时间状语 从句。 3. 解析： When/If 第二句句意：当它哭的时候/如果它哭了，熊猫妈妈会来回摇晃 它，轻轻拍打，给它安慰。根据句意可知，应填 when 或 if。 4. 解析：if 此处表示：噢如果你不介意，我要停下来做一下深呼吸。根据句意 可知，应填 if 引导条件状语从句。 5.解析：tha
44、t so that “以便；为了”，在此处引导目的状语从句。 6.解析：Although 句意：尽管鸟类用羽毛飞行，但是它们的一些羽毛也有其他用途。 由句意可知，空处引导让步状语从句，故填 Although。 7. that 8. until 9. though/although/while 10. as/though 11. since 12. as 13. that 14. before 改错答案改错答案 1.解析：wherewhen 根据句意可知，父母是在我小时候教我玩纸牌的，所以此处要 用 when 引导时间状语从句。 2.解析： afterwhen/while 句意：我所犯的唯一的错
45、误就是当我打包它们(饼干) 的时候，掉在了地上一些。when/while“当的时候” ，after“在之后” 。根据句意 应将 after 改为 when/while。 3.解析：IfAlthough/Though 句意：尽管在那个教室学习时我仅仅是一个孩子，但 我永远忘不了它。根据句意可知，此处并不存在条件关系，而是表示让步，应将 if 改为 although 或 though。 4.解析：thatas as many . as we can 为固定句式，as 引导比较状语从句。 5. whensince 6.BeforeWhen 7.veryso_ 8. unlessif 9. sobecause 10. whathow 11. suchso 12. whilewhen 13. sosuch 14. afterbefore
