1、 学习目标学习目标 1.1.依托阅读语篇依托阅读语篇A Game for the World感知不定式感知不定式 作定语和结果状语的用法作定语和结果状语的用法 2.2.通过观察分析例句通过观察分析例句，尝试总结不定式作定语和尝试总结不定式作定语和 结果状语的使用规则结果状语的使用规则，并通过在真实语境中的运并通过在真实语境中的运 用用，加深对不定式作定语和结果状语的用法的理加深对不定式作定语和结果状语的用法的理 解解 3.3.初步梳理不定式的语法功能初步梳理不定式的语法功能，并通过部分历年并通过部分历年 高考真题了解不定式的考查方向高考真题了解不定式的考查方向 学习重难点：学习重难点： 不定式
2、作定语和结果状语的具体形式和表意功能不定式作定语和结果状语的具体形式和表意功能 The reasons why football enjoys popularity all over the world Football is such a simple game to play. Football is also a game that is very cheap to play. Football is fun enough to attract millions of people. Football has become one of the best way for people t
3、o communicate. Football is such a simple game to play. Football is also a game that is very cheap to play. Football is fun enough to attract millions of people. Football has become one of the best way for people to communicate. Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
4、 a That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity. b It is fun enough to attract millions of people. 1. What is the function of “to play” in sentence (a)? Is it used to give description or show result? “To play” serves as attributive in sentence (a). It is used to
5、 give description. a That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity. b It is fun enough to attract millions of people. 2. What is the function of “to attract” in sentence (b)? Is it used to give description or show result? “To attract” serves as adverbial of resul
6、t in sentence (b). It is used to show result. a That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity. b It is fun enough to attract millions of people. c That football is such a simple game that people play is perhaps the basis of its popularity. d It is so fun that it
7、attracts millions of people. Compare (a) and (b) with the following sentences and answer the questions. 3. What is the difference between the two groups of sentences? c That football is such a simple game that people play is perhaps the basis of its popularity. d It is so fun that it attracts millio
8、ns of people. a That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity. b It is fun enough to attract millions of people. The first group of sentences uses to-infinitive as attributive and adverbial of result, while the second group uses attributive and adverbial clauses.
9、 4. Why does the author choose to use sentences (a) and (b) in the reading passage? c That football is such a simple game that people play is perhaps the basis of its popularity. d It is so fun that it attracts millions of people. a That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of
10、 its popularity. b It is fun enough to attract millions of people. Because using to-infinitive makes sentences more concise (简练的). Now look for more sentences with to-infinitive in the reading passage, and tell what function the to-infinitive form plays in each sentence. 1) It is also a game that is
11、 very cheap to play. “To play” serves as complement and it is used to give description of the characteristics of the subject. 2) You do not have to be a fan to recognise the skill of professional players - how they use their bodies to pass , score and defend can be amazing to see - or to feel the ex
12、citement of a game ending with a surprising twist. “To recognise” serves as attributive and it is used to description of “ a fan”. “To pass，score and defend” serves as adverbial and it is used to show purpose. “To see - or to feel” serves as adverbial and it is used to give reason. 3) Whats more, fo
13、otball has become one of the best ways for people to communicate. “To communicate ” serves as attributive and it is used to give description of “way”. 4) World War I had broken out months before, but British and German soldiers put down their guns and played football together one moment of peace to
14、remember during years of conflict. “To remember ” serves as attributive and it is used to give description of “moment of peace”. 1. 不定式作作定语不定式作作定语 通常放在其通常放在其所修饰的名词所修饰的名词或或代词之后代词之后，一般与所修饰，一般与所修饰 的名词之间有两种关系：的名词之间有两种关系： a. 主谓关系：主谓关系：不定式所修饰的词是不定式所修饰的词是不定式的逻辑主语。不定式的逻辑主语。 We must find a man to do the work
15、. He is the person to teach you. b. 动宾关系：动宾关系：不定式所修饰的词是不定式所修饰的词是不定式的逻辑宾语。不定式的逻辑宾语。 Please give me something to drink. He has a lot of work to do. Attention： 1）作定语的作定语的动词不定式动词应是动词不定式动词应是及物动词及物动词，如果是，如果是不不 及物动词需加相应介词。及物动词需加相应介词。 e.g. Because the room was very crowded, I needed a tall bench to stand on
16、. He wanted to find a new house to live in. Attention： 2）当名词或代词前有当名词或代词前有形容词最高级、序数词形容词最高级、序数词 或或the only修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。 The youngest person to enter the program was just fourteen. He is always the first one to get up. Linda was the only person to stay for the whole performance. Attent
17、ion： 3）不定式作定语时，）不定式作定语时，如果其表示的动作是句子的主语如果其表示的动作是句子的主语 执行的执行的，不定式一般用主动式；不定式一般用主动式； 如果不是句子的主语执行的如果不是句子的主语执行的，不定式则用被动式不定式则用被动式。 I am going to the shop because I have something to buy. (“buy”这个动作是句子的主语“这个动作是句子的主语“I”执行的，故用主动式”执行的，故用主动式 ) I am going to the shop. Do you have anything to be bought. (“buy”这个动
18、作不是句子的主语“这个动作不是句子的主语“you”执行的，故”执行的，故 用被动式用被动式) 2. 不定式作状语不定式作状语 1) 目的状语目的状语: to do, so as (not)to do ., in order (not) to do. He sat down to have a rest. He got up early so as to/in order to catch the train. 2) 原因状语：原因状语：常用在表示常用在表示感情的形容词感情的形容词后。后。 常用于这种结构的形容词和过去分词有： happy, glad, delighted, pleased, s
19、orry, eager,anxious, lucky, fortunate, proud, foolish等。 Im glad to see you. 3) 结果状语结果状语: a) 不定式作结果状语常与learn、find、see、hear、 make等动词连用。 He returned home to learn his daughter had just been engaged. b) only+不定式 常表示出乎意料的结果。 I hurried to Professor Wangs house only to find he was out. c) enough to (足够 可以)
20、, too to, so/such as to可作结果状语。 She was so angry as to be unable to speak. He runs fast enough to win the race. 依据中文提示补全句子，一空一词。 1. The train _ _ is from Sanya. 将要到站的火车是从三亚开来的。 2. I ran as fast as I could to the station,_ _ _ the train had left. 我尽可能快地跑进车站却发现火车已离站。 3. I hurried to the station, _ _ _
21、_ the train had left. 我匆匆赶到车站却被告知火车已经离站。 4. I am too tired _ _ an inch. 我太累了以至于一寸都挪不动。 5. Give me a chair _ _ _. 给我拿张椅子坐。 to come only to be told only to find to move to sit on 用不定式形式把两个句子合并成一句。用不定式形式把两个句子合并成一句。 1. The rules of the game are so simple. They make the game easy to play. 2. The ball is
22、small enough. It fits into most sports bags. The rules of the game are simple enough to make the game easy to play. The ball is small enough to fit into most sports bags. 3. Give me a list of the teams. They can enter the competition. 4. The footballer has a dream. He wants to play for a top team. G
23、ive me a list of the teams to enter the competition. The footballer has a dream to play for a top team. 5. We arrived at the stadium. We found that the game had been cancelled. We arrived at the stadium only to find that the game had been cancelled. 用不定式形式改写文章中的划线部分。用不定式形式改写文章中的划线部分。 DX Sports Watch
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25、 the ideal choice for you. It has a digital display that records your steps, speed and distance, as well as monitoring your heart rate and calories burnt. It has a digital display to record your steps, speed and distance, as well as monitoring your heart rate and calories burnt. It also has a voice
26、control setting that enables you to stay hands-free, while its waterproof band is fully adjustable so that it is comfortable to water. DX Sports Watch is only available online, so go to our website and place your order today! It also has a voice control setting to enable you to stay hands-free, whil
27、e its waterproof band is fully adjustable to be comfortable to water. 动词不定式和动词不定式短 语具有名词、形容词和副词的特性， 在句中可以作定语、状语。 不定式的用法不仅限于在句作定 语 和 状 语 ， 不 定 式 还 可 以 作 The footballer has a dream to play for a top team so he practices hard to achieve his dream. To play for a top team is the footballers dream. The fo
28、otballer dreams to play for a top team. The footballers dream is to play for a top team. A top team has permitted the footballer to play for it. The footballer has been permitted to play for a top team. 不定式作主语不定式作主语 不定式作宾语不定式作宾语 不定式作表语不定式作表语 不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语 不定式作主语补足语不定式作主语补足语 3. 作主语作主语 To see is
29、to believe. To finish the task without teachers help is very difficult. Attention： 不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 当作不定式的主语较长时，常用it作形式主语 而将真正的主语（不定式）放在谓语之后。 常见的带形式主语it的句型有： It is + adj. + (for/of sb.) + to do sth. e.g. Its difficult to finish the task without teachers help. Its necessary for you to study hard
30、 . Its foolish of him to do it . 4. 作宾语作宾语 A. 带不定式作宾语的动词 afford, aim, agree, arrange, ask, decide, bother, care, choose, come, dare, demand, desire, determine, expect, elect, endeavor, hope, fail, happen, help, hesitate, learn, long, mean, manage, offer, ought, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refus
31、e, seem, tend, wait, wish e.g. The boy offered to give his seat to an old man. 动词不定式作动词tell, show, understand, explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss等词的宾语时 ，前面常带疑问词,即：疑问词（how, when, where, what, who） + to do e.g. He showed us how to do the work. Please tell us what to do next. B. 动词 + 疑问词 + to V C.
32、介词宾语 动词不定式在介词but, except, besides后面时， 如果介词之前有行为动词do的某种形式，那么这些 介词后的不定式不带to，否则就要带to。 e.g. We could do nothing but wait. We had nothing to do but wait. We have no choice but to wait. 5.作表语作表语 不定式可放在系动词如：be, remain, appear, get 等后面，形成表语。 e.g. My work is to clean the room every day. His dream is to be a
33、doctor. What I want to do seems to tell you something. Attention： 1. 主语（事物）+ be +不定式（作表语） 表示主语的具体内容 2. 主语（人） + be +不定式（作表语） 表示时态（将来时），为“即将”之意。 e.g. He is to clean the room. His plan is to clean the room. 6. 作主语作主语/宾语补足语宾语补足语 接不定式作宾补的常用动词： advise, allow, ask, bear, command, elect, encourage, expect,
34、force, intend, invite, permit, persuade, prefer, request, remind, want, warn, wish, warn. e.g. My mother often encourages me to study hard. Attention： 不定式作宾语补足语时省略不定式作宾语补足语时省略to的情况： 若不定式前的谓语动词是 使役动词make，let，have（表示“让、使”）、 感官动词see，watch，look at，observe， notice， hear，listen to， feel时，不定式符号to可以省略。 这些动词
35、亦可总结为口诀：“五看三使两听一感觉五看三使两听一感觉 ”。 e.g. He saw the thief （to）steal a ladys cellphone. 动词不定式和动词不定式短 语具有名词、形容词和副词的特性， 在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、 定语、状语和补语。 1. That is the only way we can imagine _ (reduce) the overuse of water in students bathrooms. 2. Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one _(repair)
36、first is the library. 3. In many peoples opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant _ （deal）with. 4. Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier_ (break) into small pieces. to reduce to be repaired to deal to break 5. With Fathers Day around the corner, I have
37、 taken some money out of the bank _ (buy) presents for my dad. 6. More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced _(raise) peoples concern over food safety. 7. It is important _(update) the figures regularly. 8. It is important for the figures _ (update) regularly. 9. There are
38、 many talented actors out there just waiting _.(discover) 10.Passengers are permitted _ (carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. to buy to raise to update to be updated to be discovered to carry 1.整理今日课堂笔记和错题 2.完成三维设计124-125页 课时跟踪练（二）和以下10道 单句语法填空题 1Having finished her project, she was
39、 invited by the school _ (speak) to the new students. 2. Weve had a good start, but next, more work needs _ (do) to achieve the final success. 3. Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _ (make) at the meeting will influence the future of our company. 4. This machine is very easy_ (opera
40、te). Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. 5. Before driving into the city, you are required _ (get) your car washed. 6 . If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _ (meet) an even greater challenge. 7. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when its better_ (remai
41、n) silent. 8. George returned after the war, only _ (tell) that his wife had left him. 9. Birds singing is sometimes a warning to other birds _ (stay) away. 10. The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _ (watch) anything that happened to be on. 1Having finished her project, sh
42、e was invited by the school _ (speak) to the new students. 2. Weve had a good start, but next, more work needs _ (do) to achieve the final success. 3. Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _ (make) at the meeting will influence the future of our company. 4. This machine is very easy_ (
43、operate). Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. 5. Before driving into the city, you are required _ (get) your car washed. to speak to be done to be made to operate to get 6 . If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _ (meet) an even greater challenge. 7. No matter how bright a t
44、alker you are, there are times when its better_ (remain) silent. 8. George returned after the war, only _ (tell) that his wife had left him. 9. Birds singing is sometimes a warning to other birds _ (stay) away. 10. The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _ (watch) anything that happened to be on. to meet to remain to be told to stay to watch
