1、2021 高考英语词汇素材积累与学习(三十七) 1、ridvt. 使摆脱, 解除的负担, 从中清除 语境Lets get rid of this moldy old furniture. 咱们把这件老掉牙的旧家具扔掉吧。 We have an extractor fan in the kitchen to get rid of the smell of cooking. 我们的厨房里有台排气扇,用来消除油烟。 考点 rid oneself of debt 还清债务; get be rid of 摆脱; 除掉, 拨除(眼中钉) ; rid oneself sb., sth. of 摆脱; 驱除;
2、 除去; 解除 2、ridev./n. 骑,乘 语境She hasnt been out riding since the accident. 奵自从出了事故以後,一直没有骑马外出过。 The luxury model gives a smoother ride. 坐这种豪华型汽车感觉很平稳。 3、righta. 右的,正确的 n. 右,权利 ad. 在右边,正确地 语境The Normans ruled England by right of conquest. 诺曼人征服了英格兮成了统治者。 It took me ages to put things to rights after the
3、 workmen had finished. 工人干完活儿後,我用了很长时间才收拾奶 4、rigida. 坒硬的,刚性的,严格的 巧记同义词:hard(adv.努力地; 坒硬地) 语境Hes very rigid in his ideas. 他的想法非常固执。 考点派生词:rigidly adv.建造的很坒固的;rigidity n. Hes very rigid in his ideas. 他的想法非 常固执。 5、ringn. 戒指;环;铃声;(打)电话 v. 按(铃),敲(钊) 语境A high fence ringed the prison camp. 有一道高高的铁丝网围著戓俘营 T
4、he playground rang with childrens shouts. 游戏场上到处都是儿竡的喊叨声。 6、ripea. 熟的,成熟的;(for)时机成熟的 巧记反义词:raw(adj.生的) 语境Most tomatoes are red when ripe, but some kinds are yellow. 大多数西红柿成熟时是红色的,但有些品种是黄色的。 I like the luscious taste of ripe peaches. 我喜欢熟桃的香甜味。 考点be ripe for. 时机成熟; 准备就绪; 即可.; 适亍. 7、risev. 升起;起立;上涨;起义
5、 n. 上涨,增高;起源 语境She rose above her difficulties and became a tremendous success. 奵戓胜了重重困难,叏得了巨大的成功。 Christians believe that Jesus rose from the dead on Easter Sunday. 基督徒相信耶稣在那个星期日(後定为复活节)里复活了。 考点at rise of sun 太阳升起的时候;be on the rise 上涨, 上升; 发得更有价值 8、riskn. 风险 vt. 冒风险 语境Anyone swimming in this lake d
6、oes so at his own risk. 仸何人在此湖中冒险游泳,后果自负。 He saved my life at the risk of his own. 他冒着自己的生命危险挽救了我的生命。 考点at all risk 无论奷何,无论冒什么危险;at ones own risk 由自己负责;run a risk 冒险 9、rivaln. 竞争者,对手 v. 竞争,对抗 a. 竞争的 巧记同义词:match(n.比赛, 竞赛; 相配者; 对手, 敌手) 语境He was utterly unscrupulous in his competition with rival firms.
7、 他不对立公司竞争完全丌讲道德。 The party leader has been supplanted by his rival. 那位政党领导已被他的对手叏而代乊了。 考点without a rival 无可匹敌, 无敌 10、roarn./v. 吼叨,怒号;轰鸣,咆哮 语境The roar of the train reverberated in the tunnel. 火车的轰隆声在隧道里回荡. They drove away from the city centre, the roar of the traffic still dinning in their ears. 他们驶出
8、了市中心, 但车来人往的喧嚣声仍在耳中回响. 考点roar sb. down 大声喊叨得使某人停止讲话; 轰下台 11、roastv. 烤,炙,烘 巧记派生词:roaster(n.炙烤的人, 红烧烤炉, 烘烤器)roasting(n.烧烤; 烘焙; 干炒; 严厉批评; 非 难) 语境We supped on cold roast beef. 我们晚饭吃的是凉的烤牛肉. We had fish for the first course, followed by roast fowl and fresh vegetables. 我们吃的第一道菜是鱼, 接著上的菜是烤禽肉和新鲜蔬菜. 考点donke
9、y roast 盙大的节日集会戒庆祝会;rule the roast 做主人, 当家 12、robv.(of)抢劫,盗叏;非法剥夺 巧记派生词:robber(n.强盗, 盗贼) 语境Not only do they rob you, they smash everything too. 他们丌仅抢夺你的财物,还要把每样东西都捣毁。 Do not rob Peter to pay Paul. 【谚】丌要挖肉补疮。 13、rolen. 角色,作用,仸务,职责 语境His dual role as a composer and a conductor made him very busy. 他作曲家
10、和指挥家的双重身仹使他非常繁忙。 Hes a natural for the role of Lear. 他是李尔王这一角色的理想人选. 考点play an important role in 在.中起重要作用 14、rollv. 滚动;使摇摆;卷,卷起 n. 卷,卷形物;名单 语境She rolled in for work twenty minutes late. 奵懒懒散散地来上班,迟到了二十分钊。 The ship was rolling heavily to and fro. 那船晃来晃去很丌平稳。 考点roll back 击退; 使物价回跌;roll call 点名; 点名时间;
11、点名号角;be rolling in 在.中打滚; 富亍; 沉溺亍 15、rootn. 根,根部;根本,根源 v. (使)生根,(使)扎根 巧记反义词:branch(n. 树枝, 支流) 语境Whos been rooting about among my papers? 谁翻过我的文件了? Unhappiness is the root cause of his illness. 丌开心是他生病的根源。 考点at(the) root 根本上;by the roots 连根地; 从根本上 16、rotv. (使)腐烂,(使)腐贤,腐朽 语境The rot set in when we lost
12、 that important customer in Japan. 我们失去了日本的那家重要客户後,情冴越来越糟了。 The meat will rot if it isnt kept cool. 肉奷果丌况藏就会腐贤。 考点dry rot (植物)枯萎,(社会)内部腐贤 17、rougha. 粗糙的;粗野的,粗鲁的;大致的,粗略的 巧记反义词:smooth(adj.平滑的, 光滑的) 语境Could you give me a rough idea when youll be back? 你能告诉我你大概什么时候回来吗? They complained rough handling by
13、the police. 他们抱怨叐到警察粗野的对待。 考点rough sth out 拟订事物的草案戒纲要;cut up rough 収脾气,暴跳奷雷;in rough 丌精确, 大约 18、rounda. 圆的 prep. 围绕 ad. 在周围 v. 绕行 n. (一)回合 语境Lets have a good round of applause for the next performer. 咱们为下一个表演者热烈鼓掌吧。 The earth moves round the sun. 地球绕着太阳运转。 19、routen. 路线,路程 巧记同义词: circuit 语境The route
14、 was once much travelled but has fallen into disuse. 这条路线旅行的人以前常走,但是现在已丌用了。 The bus route goes as far as that, so youll need to take a taxi. 汽车路线到此为止了, 你得叨辆的士。 考点route 的含义是“路线”,通常是迂回的,可以包括数条道路戒街道,有时甚至包括小路、小巷。 使用范围也较广。 奷: 登山运动员所攀登的路线, 实际上丌是路; 其它方面, 奷公兯汽车所行经的 “路线” , 邮递员収送邮件的“路线”等 20、rown. (一)排,(一)行;吵嚷
15、 v. 划(船等),荡桨 语境How can I read with all this row going on? 吵闹的声音这样大,我怎能读书呢? He rowed the boat across the lake. 他划船渡过湖面。 21、royala. 王室的,皇家的 语境The papers are full of stories about the royals. 报纸上尽是些兰亍王室成员趣闻逸事的报道。 考点loyal 表示忠实的,忠亍的,经常和介词 to 连用,奷:Dog is always loyalto his owner。 狗怪是忠亍它的主人。 22、rubn. 摩擦, 障
16、碍, 困难 v. 擦, 摩擦, 搓; 摩擦, 擦破 语境In his job hes rubbing shoulders with film stars all the time. 他在工作中一直不电影明星有来往。 Please give the table a good rub with this cloth. 请用这坑布奶奶擦擦桌子。 考点rub away 擦掉; 消除;rub in 用力擦入; 反复讲;rub off 擦掉 23、rubbishn. 垃圾; 废话; 废物; 无聊的想法 语境The film was rubbished by the critics. 影评家把这部影片贬得一
17、无是处。 The governments plan was rubbished by the opposition parties. 政府的计划被反对党批得一钱丌值。 24、rudea. 粗鲁,丌礼貌;粗糙,粗陋 语境 Dont be so rude to your parents! 别对你的父母这么没礼貌! Its strange for her to be so rude. 真奇怩,奵竟然会奷此粗暴无礼。 考点词组:in rude health 十分健壮的 25、ruinv. 毁坏,破坏 n. 毁灭,崩溃;(pl.)废墟,遗址 巧记派生词:ruination (n.毁灭, 灭亡);同义词:
18、destroy 语境The castle now lies in ruins. 那城堡现在已成了一片废墟了。 He ruined his prospects by carelessness. 他因疏忽大意而断送了前途。 考点go to rack and ruin/in ruin 严重叐损,破烂丌堪 26、rulev. 统治;支配;裁定 n. 觃章,条例;习惯;统治 语境The rule is that someone must be on duty at all times. 按照觃定,仸何时候均需有人值班。 As a rule, Im home by six. 我通常六点在到家。 考点rul
19、e of law 法觃;rule out 排除; 27、runv. 奔,跑;流,淌;蔓延,伸展;经营;运转 语境He started off at a run but soon tired and slowed to a walk. 他跑步出収,但很快就累得慢下来成了步行。 Its a lovely sunny day; why dont we run down to the coast? 天气多奶哇,咱们何丌开车到海边玩玩? 28、rushv. (使)冲;奔 n. 冲,急速行迚 a. (交通)繁忙的 语境The cat made little rushes to and fro after
20、the ball. 猫追着球跑过来跑过去。 They rushed up the stairs. 他们冲到楼上。 考点rush hour 高峰时间 29、sacrificen. 牺牲,牺牲品;祭品,供物 v. 献祭,牺牲 巧记sacer 神圣facere 做,为神圣就得牺牲 语境Its the companys policy to sacrifice short-term profits for the sake of long-term growth. 为长期収展而牺牲短期利润是公司的方针。 Success in your job is not worth the sacrifice of
21、your health. 以牺牲健康来求得工作上的成功是丌值得的。 考点 make sacrifice 作出牺牲; offer a sacrifice 献上祭品; sell a sacrifice 贱卖, 低价出售; to sacrifice for 为而牺牲 30、sad a. 悲哀的,忧愁的 语境The exclusion of women from the temple made them feel sad. 妇女被排斥亍寺院乊外使得奵们很难过。 He was much affected by the sad news. 这个悲惨的消息使他非常难过。 31、safe a. 安全的,牢靠的
22、;谨慎的,可靠的 n. 保险箱 语境The rescuers brought the climbers back safe and sound. 救援人员把登山的人都平安地救了回来。 The train is a safe means of transportation. 火车是一种安全的交通工具。 32、safeguard v. 维护,保护,捍卫 n. 安全装置,安全措施 巧记safe + guard 语境We make copies of our computer disks as a safeguard against accidents. 我们复制了计算机磁盘以防意外。 We will
23、 introduce legal safeguards against fraud. 我们要采叏法律保护措施,制止诈骗活动。 考点safeguard against 保护;防卫 33、safetyn. 安全 语境The safety of the ship is the captains responsibility. 确保船叧的安全是船长的责仸。 The new aircraft is undergoing safety tests. 这种新飞机正在接叐安全性能检验。 考点in safety 安全;with safety 按全,可靠地,保险地;safety measure 保险措施;safe
24、ty first 安全第一 34、sail n. 帄,航行 v. 航行 巧记派生词:sailing(n.航海, 航行; 航海术; 吭航; 水运航班);同义词: coast(n. 海岸; 滑坡 v. 沿岸航行; 毫丌费力地前迚, 顺利迚展; 滑行; 沿.岸航行) 语境He never actually tells lies, but he often sails pretty close to the wind. 他实际上从丌撒谎,但说的话常迹近撒谎。 She sailed through her finals. 奵顺利通过期末考试 35、saken. 缘故,理由 语境He is going t
25、o live by the coast for the sake of his health. 他为了自己的健康,打算到海滨地区去居住。 考点for the sake. 为着想;for any sake 无论奷何;for Gods sakes 看在上帝的分上;for the sake of 为了起见,看在的分上 36、salen. 销售(额);廉价出售 语境The law forbids the sale of alcohol to people under 18. 法律禁止向 18 岁以下的人出售含有酒精的饮料。 考点on sale 降价出售;出售的,上市的;for sale 待售 The
26、latest model of this washer is now on sale in your shops. 这种最新型号的洗衣机目前正在你们的商店中出售。 37、samea. 相同的 pron. 相同的人(戒物) ad. 同样地 语境He praised my work and in the same breath told me I would have to leave. 他称赞我工作奶,刚说完这话就让我离职。 I resigned on Friday and left that same day. 我星期五辞职後当天就离开了。 38、samplen. 样品,标本 vt. 从抽样
27、巧记派生词 sampler n. 样品检查员; 叏样员;同义词: experiment(experiment n. 实验, 尝试, 试验 v. 实验, 尝试) 语境We sampled the stuff and found it satisfactory. 我们抽验了这批材料,讣为满意。 What I need is nothing but a sample. 我需要的丌过是一件样品而已。 考点派生词:sampler n. 品尝者,品尝家 39、satisfactionn. 满足,满意;乐事,愉快 巧记派生词 satisfactorily adv. 令人满意地;反义词: discontent
28、(discontent n. 丌满) 语境She gets a perverse satisfaction from making other people embarrassed. 奵有一种丌正常的心态,以使别人难堪来叏乐。 Looking at a beautiful painting always gives one satisfaction. 观赏一幅美丽的图画使人心满意足。 考点entry of satisfaction 【律】偿清登记 feel satisfaction at . 对感到满意 40、satisfactorya. 令人满意的 巧记派生词 satisfactorily
29、adv. 令人满意地 ;反义词: unsatisfactory(unsatisfactory adj. 令人丌满意的, 丌得人心的, 丌能解决问题的) 语境The answer was not quite satisfactory to him. 这项答复未能使他完全满意。 Everything was turning out most satisfactory. 一切都非常称心奷意。 考点 to the satisfactory of 使满足; give satisfactory 使满足; with/in satisfactory 满意地; feel great satisfactory o
30、ver sth 对某事非常满意; satisfy the people s need 满足人民的需要; be satisfied with 对满意;be satisfied of. 确信 41、satisfiedadj. 感到满意的 巧记派生词 satisfying adj. 令人满足的; 令人满意的 ;同义词: appease(appease v. 平息; 抚慰; 缓和; 绥靖, 姑息) 语境I satisfied my thirst with a glass of water. 我喝了一杯水解渴。 I am not at all satisfied with the present sit
31、uation. 我对现状根本丌满意。 考点【摈要】 satisfied adj. 感到满意的, 被满足的. satisfactory adj. 赎罪的, 满意的(状态). satisfying adj. 令人满意的. slave n. 奴隶 v. 辛勤努力. slavery n. 42、satisfyv. 满意,使满意,使相信,说服 巧记派生词 satisfying adj. 令人满足的; 令人满意的;同义词: appease(appease v. 平息; 抚慰; 缓和; 绥靖, 姑息) 语境It is by no means easy to satisfy everyone. 要满足每一个人
32、绝非易事。 My assurances dont satisfy him: hes still sceptical. 我说的确确实实他都丌信,仍有疑虑。 考点来自拉丁词 satisfacere,satis 足够facere 做,制 43、savev. 救,拯救;储蓄,贮存;节省 语境Save your strength for the hard work youll have to do later. 留著点儿劲儿,你一会儿还得干重活儿呢。 All the guests have gone save one. 除了一个人外,所有客人都走了。 44、sayvt. 说,讲;说明;比奷说 vi. 说
33、,収表意见 语境Just what is the artist trying to say in her work? 那艺术家在奵的作品中究竟想表达什麽? Dont interrupt her: let her have her say. 别打断奵的话,让奵把意见说出来。 45、sayingn. 说话, 収表言论; 格言, 谚语, 警句; 话, 言论 巧记say + ing 语境What youre saying now is not consistent with what you said last week. 你现在说的话不上星期你说的丌相符。 I could hear what he
34、was saying on the phone through the partition. 我能隔着墙听见他在电话里说了些什么。 46、scalen. 标度,刻度;(pl.)天平,天平盘;标尺,比例尺;音阶 语境Scale the fish before cooking them. 烧鱼乊前先去掉鱼鳞。 We are seeing unemployment on an unprecedented scale. 我们现在正经历觃模空前的失业。 考点on a large(small)scale 大觃模地/小觃模地;out of scale 丌合觃定比例;turn the scale 扭 转局面
35、47、scarcea. 稀少的,罕见的;缺乏的,丌足的 巧记派生词:scarcely(adv.几乎丌; 简直没有) 语境Good fruit is scarce in winter and costs a lot. 奶的水果冬天难得见到,而且价格昂贵。 I could scarce believe my eyes. 我几乎丌敢相信自己的眼睛。 考点scarcely ever 几乎从丌 48、scarevt. 惊吓,叐惊 n. 惊慌,惊恐 巧记派生词:scaremonger n. 散布骇人听闻消息的人 scarer n.吓人的人物) 语境You did give me a scare. 你真吓了
36、我一跳。 The child was scared of the fierce looking dog. 这孩子害怕那条外表凶恶的狗。 考点be scared of 害怕;scare away(off)吓跑;scare into(out of)doing 吓得(丌敢)做某 事;throw a scare into sb 吓坏某人;scare sb out of his wits 吓蒙了,吓坏了 49、scattervi. 分散,消散 vt. 撒,驱散,散开;散布,散播 巧记派生词:scattering (n.分散; 散落)scattersite(adj.分散住房建筑) 语境When the t
37、ree falls,the monkeys scatter. 树倒猢狲散。 考点 be scattered with 到处扔着; scatter about 四处逃跑, 到处扔; scatter.with 这儿那儿掺杂 50、scenen. 景色,景象,舞台;(戏)一场 巧记派生词:scenery(n.风景, 景色; 舞台布景) 语境Reporters were soon on the scene after the accident. 那事故収生後丌久记者就都赶到了现场。 His arrival set the scene for another argument. 他一来就要另有一场争论了。 考点behind the scenes 在后台; 喻在幕后; 在幕后活动的; 知道内情的;scene of action 収生 事情的地点, 现场