1、B3U1 Little White Lies(Language points)1.Written more than two hundred years ago,these lines by Walter Scott remainremain one of the most well-known excerpts of Scottish poetry:remain vt.remain vt.仍然；剩下；停留仍然；剩下；停留 remaining adj.remaining adj.剩下的，留下的剩下的，留下的 Translation两百多年前，沃尔特两百多年前，沃尔特司各特写下的这几行司各特写下
2、的这几行文字，如今依然是苏格兰诗歌中最广为传诵文字，如今依然是苏格兰诗歌中最广为传诵的诗句之一：的诗句之一：过去分词短语作时间状语过去分词短语作时间状语2.Oh,what a tangledtangled web we weaveweave,When first we practise to deceivedeceive!Translation啊，谎言一旦开始，我们须得织就一张错综啊，谎言一旦开始，我们须得织就一张错综复杂的网！复杂的网！adj.adj.纠结的；复杂的纠结的；复杂的v.v.编，织编，织v.v.欺骗欺骗3.Perhaps we comfort ourselves with the
3、 knowledge that most of the lieslies we tell are “white lies”:little lies that we tell to protect others from the truth.Translation也许我们会这样来安慰自己：我们所说的大也许我们会这样来安慰自己：我们所说的大部分谎言都是部分谎言都是“善意的谎言善意的谎言”我们为了我们为了保护他人免受真相伤害的小谎言。保护他人免受真相伤害的小谎言。同位语从句同位语从句定从定从定从定从thatthat引导同位语从句，说明前面抽象名词引导同位语从句，说明前面抽象名词 knowledgek
4、nowledge的内容。的内容。1.1.同位语从句多用来补充说明前面某个同位语从句多用来补充说明前面某个抽象名抽象名词词的具体内容。的具体内容。2.2.常见的抽象名词有常见的抽象名词有:fact,evidence,proof,doubt,belief,idea,hope,question,problem,suggestion,advice,information,news,promise,view等。等。3.3.thatthat引导同位语从句时，不翻译，不省略，引导同位语从句时，不翻译，不省略，不作任何成分。不作任何成分。His advice thatthat the work should
5、be postponed to next week as a result of lack of tools is acceptable.他的建议他的建议-由于缺乏工具将工作推迟到下周的由于缺乏工具将工作推迟到下周的建议建议，被接受了。，被接受了。The fact thatthat the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years has worried many scientists.地球这些年以来变得越来越热的地球这些年以来变得越来越热的事实事实使很多科使很多科学家都很担心。学家都很担心。Examples含义含义原形原形 过去式过去式过
6、去过去分词分词现在现在分词分词躺，位于躺，位于lielielaylaylainlainlyinglying撒谎撒谎lielieliedliedliedliedlyinglying放置，下蛋放置，下蛋laylaylaidlaidlaidlaidlayinglaying规则的撒谎规则的撒谎(lie-lied-lied)(lie-lied-lied)，不规则的躺，不规则的躺躺躺过过(laylay)就下蛋（放置）就下蛋（放置）,下过蛋是累的下过蛋是累的4.4.The majority ofThe majority of us of course dont tell the truthwe lie an
7、d say that the food is“delicious”.majority n.majority n.多数，大多数（人或物）多数，大多数（人或物）themajorityof+集体名词，谓语动词用单数单数或复数复数。amajorityof+复数名词，“许多”，谓语动词用复数复数。minority n.少数，少数民族a/the minority of 少数major major adj.adj.主要的主要的;重要的重要的 v.v.主修主修 n.n.主修课程；专业课；主修学生主修课程；专业课；主修学生 major in major in 主修主修5.Or if a friend asks
8、us what we think of their new haircut,we say“Its great!”,even if we think its awfulawful.adj.adj.可怕的可怕的6.But to what to what extentextent can we justifyjustify telling white lies like these?在多大程度上在多大程度上justify v.justify v.证明（别人认为不合理的事）有道理；证明（别人认为不合理的事）有道理；为为.辩护辩护 justify doing sth.justify doing sth.
9、证明证明做某事有道理做某事有道理 justify justify sth.sth./oneself/oneself to sb.to sb.向某人解释；为某人辩护向某人解释；为某人辩护just adj.just adj.公正的，正义的，合理的公正的，正义的，合理的 adv.adv.总是，正好；恰好；仅仅总是，正好；恰好；仅仅 justice justice n.n.公平，公平，公正公正n.n.程度，范围程度，范围to some extent7.One of the main reasons for telling a white lie is to try to make others fee
10、l better.make+make+宾语宾语+宾补宾补8.Perhaps we are in fact lying to protectprotect ourselves fromfrom the disappointment and anger of others.protect/keep/prevent/stop.from doing sth.protect/keep/prevent/stop.from doing sth.9.Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend wants some frankfrank com
11、mentscomments from you so that they can improve.frank adj.frank adj.坦率的，坦诚的坦率的，坦诚的 be frank with sb.be frank with sb.对某人坦诚相告对某人坦诚相告 be frank about sth.be frank about sth.对某事直言不讳对某事直言不讳 to be frank=frankly to be frank=frankly 坦白说，坦率地说坦白说，坦率地说 (to be honest=honestly)(to be honest=honestly)frankly spea
12、king frankly speaking 坦率地说坦率地说 (honestly speaking/generally speaking)(honestly speaking/generally speaking)10.If youve had a bad day,do you tell your parents about it,or do you hide your tearstears and lie that your day was“fine”?teartear n.n.眼泪，泪水眼泪，泪水 burst into tears/laughter burst into tears/lau
13、ghter 突然大哭突然大哭/笑起来笑起来teartear v v.撕裂，扯破撕裂，扯破 tear down tear down 拆除，拆掉拆除，拆掉 tear up 撕毁，撕碎撕毁，撕碎(文件等文件等)tear apart 撕毁，撕碎撕毁，撕碎(分成一部分，整齐的分开分成一部分，整齐的分开)11.Wouldnt it be better to respect their concern for you and ask for their adviceask for their advice?it it作形式主语作形式主语征求某人的意见征求某人的意见it it作形式主语的作形式主语的6 6大句
14、型大句型?it it作形式主语的作形式主语的6 6大句型大句型 It It +bebe +adj.adj.+(of/for sb.)(of/for sb.)to doto do sth.sth.It It +be no use/uselessbe no use/useless +doing sth.doing sth.It It +bebe +形容词形容词+thatthat 从句从句 (形容词：形容词：possiblepossible/strangestrange/important.)important.)It It +bebe +过去分词过去分词+thatthat 从句从句(said(sa
15、id/thoughtthought/believedbelieved/supposedsupposed/reported.)reported.)It It +不及物动词不及物动词(seem(seem/occuroccur/happen.)+happen.)+thatthat从句从句 It It +bebe +名词短语名词短语+thatthat从句从句 (名词短语：名词短语：a pitya pity/a facta fact/a wondera wonder/anan honourhonour/an ideaan idea/no wonder.)no wonder.)ExamplesIt is
16、necessaryIt is necessary for college students for college students to masterto master at least a foreign language.at least a foreign language.It is no use/uselessIt is no use/useless waitingwaiting here.here.It It is reported is reported thatthat 16 people were killed in 16 people were killed in the
17、 the earthquake.earthquake.It occurred to meIt occurred to me thatthat I lost my wallet in his car.I lost my wallet in his car.我突然想到我把钱丢他车上了。我突然想到我把钱丢他车上了。Its strange Its strange thatthat he he failfail in the driving test.in the driving test.It is a pity It is a pity thatthat he fails in the compet
18、ition.he fails in the competition.在句型在句型“It It +bebe +形容词形容词+thatthat 从句从句”中，从句常中，从句常用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词为用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词为“s should+hould+动词原动词原形形”，shouldshould可以省略。可以省略。12.Going back to Walter Scotts lines,we may find even white lies have results we cannot know in advancein advance.advanceadvance n.n.前进，进步，
19、进展前进，进步，进展 v.v.前进，促进，提前前进，促进，提前 make great advances in make great advances in 在在.取得巨大进步取得巨大进步/进展进展advancedadvanced adj adj.高等的，先进的，高级的高等的，先进的，高级的现在分词短语作状语现在分词短语作状语定从定从预先，提前预先，提前13.Perhaps the mealthe meal you said was“delicious”will be served every timeevery time you visit.插入语插入语定语从句定语从句,the mealthe
20、 meal作定从的主语作定从的主语在定语从句中在定语从句中包含带有包含带有say,believe,think,say,believe,think,know,hopeknow,hope等词的插入语时等词的插入语时，作主语用的关系，作主语用的关系代词可省略。代词可省略。“每次，每当每次，每当”，连词，引导时间状语从句，连词，引导时间状语从句=whenever=whenever，从句谓语常用一般现在时或一般过去时从句谓语常用一般现在时或一般过去时(引导时间状语从句时，后面不再用引导时间状语从句时，后面不再用when)when)Translation也许被你评价为也许被你评价为“美味的美味的”饭菜会在
21、你每次饭菜会在你每次到访时都出现在餐桌上。到访时都出现在餐桌上。14.Would your friend trust your opinion again if he found outfound out you had lied about his“wonderful”singing?弄明白，搞清楚弄明白，搞清楚宾语从句宾语从句15.How would you expect others to truly understand your emotions if you only shared good news instead ofinstead of bad?代替，而不是代替，而不是Tra
22、nslation如果你只分享好消息而隐瞒坏消息，你又怎如果你只分享好消息而隐瞒坏消息，你又怎么能指望别人真正理解你的情绪呢？么能指望别人真正理解你的情绪呢？16.Moreover,how would you feel if you discovered that the people closest to you had been hidinghiding the truth fromfrom you?hidehide v v.把把藏起来藏起来;躲藏，遮住躲藏，遮住;隐瞒，掩蔽隐瞒，掩蔽 hide-hid-hidden hide-hid-hidden hide and seek 捉迷藏捉迷藏T
23、ranslation而且，如果你发现身边最亲近的人对你隐瞒而且，如果你发现身边最亲近的人对你隐瞒了真相，你又会作何感想？了真相，你又会作何感想？对对.隐瞒隐瞒 consist in 在于，存在于在于，存在于 consist of =be made up of =be composed of 由由.组成组成Writing an essayn n.界线，分界线界线，分界线fable fable n n.寓言寓言porcupineporcupine n n.豪猪豪猪sociablesociable adjadj.随和的，好交际的，友善的随和的，好交际的，友善的independentindepende
24、nt adjadj.独立的，自主的，不受约束的独立的，自主的，不受约束的 be dependent of/from 独立于独立于.,.,不受不受.控制控制/影响影响independenceindependence n n.独立独立depend depend vivi.依赖，取决于依赖，取决于 dependence n./dependent adj.dependence n./dependent adj.depend on/upon=rely/count on 依靠，取决于 It/That(all)depends.视情况而定视情况而定 n n.窘境，困境窘境，困境apartapart advad
25、v.分离，分开分离，分开 apart from 除除.之外之外 take apart 拆开拆开 tell apart 区分开区分开(they were)(they were)状语从句的省略状语从句的省略whenwhen引导时间状语从句时，从句的谓语动词既引导时间状语从句时，从句的谓语动词既可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词。可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词。当时间状语从句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，当时间状语从句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，whilewhile和和whenwhen可以互换可以互换。u Sorry,I was out when you called me.Sorry,I
26、 was out when you called me.对不起，你打电话时我出去了。对不起，你打电话时我出去了。u While/When we were talking,the teacher While/When we were talking,the teacher came in.came in.我们正在谈话时，老师进来了。我们正在谈话时，老师进来了。(2)while做从属连词，可引导让步状语从句，意为“虽 然，尽管”。while引导让步状语从句时，从句往往 位于主句之前。u While I admit its difficult,I can solve it.虽然我承认它很难，但我能解决它。u While it is likely that he understood very little of the books,they were his introduction toclassieal paintings.虽然很有可能他对这些书理解甚少，但它们却是他了解古典绘画的人门指导。(3)while做并列连词，表示对比，意为“而，然而”用来连接两个并列分句。u He likes playing basketball,while I like listening to music.他喜欢打值球，而我喜欢听音乐
