1、2019年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（A卷）*学科、专业名称：外国语言文学 研究方向：英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学考试科目名称：外语（英）水平考试 考试科目代码：706考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。 Part I. Vocabulary and Structure (30 points)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose
2、the one that best completes the sentence and write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.1. The district _ was established by the government a few years ago. A. council B. counsel C. console D. consul2. Heavy rainfall in the south of England means that flooding is_.A. imminent B. momentous C. transient D.
3、 prospective3. Early studies often concluded that the public was _ the propagandistic influence of mass communications, but one recent study indicates that, on the contrary, mass communications seldom produce marked changes in social attitudes or actions. A. unaware of B. scornful of C. susceptible
4、to D. coping with 4. This composer has never courted popularity: her rugged modernism seems to defy rather than to _ the audience. A. ignore B. discount C. teach D. woo5. _, we have to adopt new measures to solve the problem. A. So is the situation B. That being the case C. That is the case D. The s
5、ituation is so6. The school agree to _ their decision until they had spoken to the young boys parents.A. convert B. retain C. deter D. expel7. When a psychologist does a general experiment on the human mind he selects people_ and asks them questions. A. at length B. at random C. in essence D. in bul
6、k8. She is careful with her money, and spends only a _ of her earnings. A. fragment B. section C. fragrant D. fraction 9. Proposed changes that are not _ with exiting safety regulations will not be considered. A. dependent B. compliant C. relating D. supportive10. Please note that customs regulation
7、s do not permit the shipment of _ items. A. perishable B. compatible C. sustainable D. incredible11. Reporters and photographers alike took great _at the rude way the actor behaved during the interview. A. annoyance B. offence C. resentment D. irritation12. Advances in food preservation gave consume
8、rs in developed countries access to_all foods grown in distant lands.A. extensively B. virtually C. artificially D. continually13. The music aroused an_feeling of homesickness in him. A. intrinsic B. intentional C. intermittent D. intense14. An institution that properly carries the name university i
9、s a more comprehensive and complex institution than any other kind of higher education_.A. settlement B. establishment C. construction D. structure15. “If we fail to act now,” said Tom, “Well find ourselves _in action later on.”A. paid back B. paid for C. paid up D. paid off16. If you want children
10、to work hard you must _their interests instead of their sense of duty.A. appeal to B. look into C. give rise to D. go in for17. I really appreciate _ to help me, but I am sure that I will be able to manage by myself.A. that you offer B. you to offer C. your offering D. that you are offering18. Hered
11、ity accounts for 50% to 60% of a womans _ to alcoholism, about the same as for men. A. devastation B. vulnerability C. pharmacy D. fibrosis19. Although the false banknotes fooled many people, they didnt _ to close examination. A. keep up B. put up C. stand up D. pay up20. The ink had faded with time
12、 and so parts of the letter were _. A. illiterate B. illegible C. illegitimate D. illegal21. Policeman _ very busy.A. nearly are always B. always are nearly C. always nearly are D. are nearly always22. The media once portrayed the governor as anything but ineffective; they now, however, make her out
13、 to be the epitome of _. A. fecklessness B. brilliance C. dynamism D. egoism23. The girl was sorry to _ the singers when she arrived at the airport. A. be missed B. being missed C. have been missed D. have missed24. The greatest obstacle to economic and environmental improvements in the developing c
14、ountries is their _ foreign debts. A. reminiscent B. degenerative C. mammoth D. ethical25. Materials presenting permanent deformations after the disappearance of the loads are said _ plastically. A. to have behaved B. behaving C. to behave D. behavior 26. The best way to control rats is by seeing th
15、at they have as _. A. possibly little nourishment B. nourishment possible little C. little as possible nourishment D. little nourishment as possible27. Oceans play a major role in climate, often serving to _ extremes of hot or cold. A. exacerbate B. temper C. conceal D. obscure28. _ is intrinsic to
16、language, but writers should nevertheless strive to be as precise as possible. A. Equivocation B. Ambiguity C. Malapropism D. Innuendo29. The fact that irony is _ means that the listener (or reader) who “gets it” is able to feel superior to those who do not understand it. A. subtle B. humorous C. si
17、tuational D. generic 30. All the flights _because of the snowstorm, we had to take the train instead. A. were canceled B. had been canceled C. having canceled D. having been canceledPart II. Proof-reading and Error Correction（10 points）Directions:Proofread the given passage as instructed. The passag
18、e contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way: For a wrong wordUnderline the wrong and write the correct one in the blank provided on the answer sheet. For a missi
19、ng wordMark the position of the missing word with a “” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided on the answer sheet. For an unnecessary word Cross the unnecessary word with a slash “/” and put the word in the blank provided on the answer sheet. What is the advantage wh
20、ich we may hope to derive a study of the political writers of the past? An earlier view would have provided a simple answer to this question. A work of politics, it would have been said, is the handbook of an art, the art of governing. Just as a man of superior skill in the art of carpentry may comp
21、ile a work in which his skill is made available to those who inspire to be good carpenters, so a man of inferior wisdom in the art of politics may set down his knowledge in a book for the construction of those whose business it is to find, govern, or preserve states. If this is what political theory
22、 is, there is no difficulty in determining what advantage may be expected from the study of great political works. They will be insulted by those who have to govern states. But this is certainly not the advantage which a modern reader can be compromised from a study of their works. This entire conce
23、ption of politics as an art and of the political philosopher as the teacher of it rests upon assumptions which it is possible to accept. If it were correct, the writers of political theory would need to be themselves past masters in the art of governing, and statesmen would need to apprentice themse
24、lves to them in order to learn their job. But we find that this is not so. Few political philosophers have themselves exhibited any master of the art of governing, and few successful statesmen have owed up their success to the study of political writings.1. _2. _3. _4. _5. _6. _7. _8. _9. _10. _Part
25、 III. Cloze (20 points)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. You are required to read the passage and fill in each bank with a word from the word bank, and change the form where necessary. Do not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Write your answers on the ANSWER SH
26、EET. combing intricate heyday churning utilitarian pillars tiers descending paving relaxation irrigation architecturally dotted craters level positioned inhabitants access aquifer passages During the sixth and seventh centuries, the 1 of the modern-day states of Gujarat and Rajasthan in North-wester
27、n India developed a method of gaining 2 to clean, fresh groundwater during the dry season for drinking, bathing, watering animals and 3 . However, the significance of this invention the stepwell goes beyond its 4 application. Unique to this region, stepwells are often 5 complex and vary widely in si
28、ze and shape. During their 6 , they were places of gathering, of leisure and 7 and of worship for villagers of all but the lowest classes. Most stepwells are found 8 round the desert areas of Gujarat (where they are called vav) and Rajasthan (where they are called baori), while a few also survive in
29、 Delhi. Some were located in or near villages as public spaces for the community; others were 9 beside roads as resting places for travellers.As their name suggests, stepwells comprise a series of stone steps 10 from ground level to the water source, (normally are underground 11 ) as it recedes foll
30、owing the rains. When the water 12 was high, the user needed only to descend a few steps to reach it; when it was low, several levels would have to be negotiated. Some wells are vast, open 13 with hundreds of steps 14 each sloping side, often in 15 . Others are more elaborate, with long stepped 16 l
31、eading to the water via several storeys. Built from stone and supported by 17 , they also included pavilions that sheltered visitors from the relentless heat. But perhaps the most impressive features are the 18 decorative sculptures that embellish many stepwells, showing activities from fighting and
32、 dancing to everyday acts such as women 19 their hair or 20 butter.Part IV. Reading Comprehension (30 points) Directions: In this section, there are three passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer and write
33、 the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage 1 A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people.Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave o
34、f crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability. Accountability isnt hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her ac
35、tions and liable for their consequences. Of the many values that hold civilization together honesty, kindness, and so on accountability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no law and, ultimately, no society.My job as a police officer is to impose accounta
36、bility on people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external controls on peoples behavior are far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment.Fortunately there are still communities smaller towns, usually wh
37、ere schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up standards that proclaim: “In this family certain things are not tolerated they simply are not done!”Yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are loosening. Your typical robber has none. He conside
38、rs your property his property; he takes what he wants, including your life if you enrage him.The main cause of this breakdown is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, its the criminal who is considere
39、d victimized: by his underprivileged upbringing, by the school that didnt teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didnt provide a stable home.I dont believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in crimin
40、al activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything.We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.1.What the wise m
41、an said suggests that _.A. its unnecessary for good people to do anything in face of evilB. its certain that evil will prevail if good men do nothing about itC. its only natural for virtue to defeat evilD. its desirable for good men to keep away from evil2.According to the author, if a person is fou
42、nd guilty of a crime, _.A. society is to be held responsibleB. modern civilization is responsible for itC. the criminal himself should bear the blameD. the standards of living should be improved3.Compared with those in small towns, people in large cities have _.A. less self-disciplineB. better sense
43、 of disciplineC. more mutual respectD. less effective government4.The writer is sorry to have noticed that _.A. people in large cities tend to excuse criminalsB. people in small towns still stick to old discipline and standardsC. todays society lacks sympathy for people in difficultyD. people in dis
44、advantaged circumstances are engaged in criminal activities5.The key point of the passage is that _.A. stricter discipline should be maintained in schools and familiesB. more good examples should be set for people to followC. more restrictions should be imposed on peoples behaviorD. more people should accept the value of accountabilityPassage 2 It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters
