1、GrammarThe Restrictive and Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词 who,whom,which,that,whose,aswhere,when,why先行词先行词在从句中所作成分在从句中所作成分关系代词关系代词人人主主宾宾定定物物主主宾宾定定先行词先行词在从句中所作成分在从句中所作成分关系副词关系副词时间名词时间名词时间状语时间状语 地点名词地点名词地点状语地点状语 reason原因状语原因状语who/thatwho/whom/that/省略省略whose(=of
2、whom)that/whichthat/which/省略省略whose(=of which)whywhenwhere2.Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize,which is considered one of the highest international honours a person can receive.3.Tu Youyou went to Hainan,where malaria was more common,to study malaria patients.4.Later,the medicine was tested on ma
3、laria patients,most of whom recovered.1.They tested hundreds of Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against the disease.Observation Activity 1The man is a doctor.who lives next door1.限制性定语从句是限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,如果去如果去掉掉,主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。如主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。如:Mr.Bro
4、wn,is a doctor.who lives next door2.非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切,只是只是对先行词对先行词作些附加的说明作些附加的说明,如果去掉如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。这种主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用从句和主句之间往往用 逗号分开逗号分开,不用不用that引导。引导。3.大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个往往为某一个词或短语词或短语,而有时非限制性而有时非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句,此时非此时非限制性定语从句常由限制
5、性定语从句常由which引导。引导。eg.A middle-aged woman killed her husband,which frightened me very much.一个中年女子杀害了其丈夫一个中年女子杀害了其丈夫,这事令我十分恐惧。这事令我十分恐惧。1.I saw the guy who delivers my mail in town yesterday.2.Ill always remember the river where we learned to swim.3.Do you know the reason why the sky is blue?4.Shes the
6、 person whose daughter goes to Harvard.which guy?which river?the reason for what?which person?若去掉，句子含义若去掉，句子含义不明确不明确无逗号无逗号与主句隔开与主句隔开1.Paris,where I spent six months studying,is the most beautiful city in the world.2.The woman down the street,whose children are the same age as yours,invited us over f
7、or dinner next week.3.The movie,which is my favorite comedy of all time,is being shown on TV tomorrow night.有逗号有逗号与主句隔开与主句隔开若去掉，若去掉，不影响不影响句句子含义子含义非限制性定语从句中关系词的指代关系非限制性定语从句中关系词的指代关系指人指人指物指物在定语从句中的作在定语从句中的作用用WhoWhomWhichwhose主语主语主语主语 宾语宾语定语定语宾语宾语指代整个主句指代整个主句宾语宾语关系副词关系副词(where,when)的指代关系的指代关系指地点指地点指时间指
8、时间 在定语从句中的作用在定语从句中的作用时间状语时间状语地点状语地点状语that,why不能在非限制性定语从句中使用。不能在非限制性定语从句中使用。tip介词介词+which限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 Activity 2Combine sentences using non-restrictive relative clauseThe book tells us about Alexander Fleming.He discovered penicillin.The book tells us about Alexander Fleming
9、,who He discovered penicillin.1.We were very impressed by the old man.He was not willing to acknowledge defeat.Activity 2Combine sentences using non-restrictive relative clause,who was notWe were very impressed by the old man,who was not willing to acknowledge defeat.2.Afterwards,Einstein had to fle
10、e Germany.Hitler was in power there.Activity 2Combine sentences using non-restrictive relative clauseAfterwards,Einstein had to flee Germany,where Hitler was in power.3.There is nothing we can do to help Linda.Her circumstances are beyond our control.Activity 2Combine sentences using non-restrictive
11、 relative clauseThere is nothing we can do to help Linda,whose circumstances are beyond our control.,whose4.The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favourite novelist,J.k.Rowling.It inspired us a lot.Activity 2Combine sentences using non-restricetive relative clause,which inspired us a lot
12、.The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favourite novelist,J.k.Rowling,which inspired us a lot.5.The building under construction was designed by I.M.Pei-a famous Chinese-American architect.He was born in Guangzhou,China.Activity 2Combine sentences using non-restricetive relative clause,wh
13、o was The building under construction was designed by I.M.Pei-a famous Chinese-American architect,who was born in Guangzhou,China.6.I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart.It was a big challenge for me.Activity 2Combine sentences using non-restricetive relative clause,which
14、wasI was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart,which was a big challenge for me.限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上意义上作用上关系词无逗号有逗号去掉从句，主句意思不完整不明确去掉从句，主句意思仍然完整清楚修饰限定,只修饰一个名词或代词补充说明,可修饰一个词，也可修饰整个句子作宾语时可省略关系词一般不可省略不能用that,why引导限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 the sameas相似但不同一the samethat 同一物体
15、 as在从句中可充当主语，宾语等成分；that不充当成分;按句意。asas在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。用作主语时，在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。用作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。谓语动词用单数形式。从句可以位于句首、句中或句末，但习惯用逗号隔开。从句可以位于句首、句中或句末，但习惯用逗号隔开。asas有有“正如正如那样；像那样；像一样一样”的词义。的词义。as we knowas is often the caseas is reporeted/said as you expectedas is well known to allas the saying goes正如我们所知道的那样正如
16、我们所知道的那样情况往往如此情况往往如此正如报道的那样正如报道的那样正如你所期待的那样正如你所期待的那样众所周知众所周知俗话说俗话说aswhich指代指代引导的从句只能引导的从句只能指代整个指代整个主句的内容主句的内容引导的从句既可指代引导的从句既可指代整个主句的整个主句的内容内容，又可指代主句的又可指代主句的某一名词某一名词或代词或代词位置位置可位于可位于主句之前、之中主句之前、之中或之后或之后可位于主句可位于主句之中或之后之中或之后，不能位于主句之前不能位于主句之前意义意义“正如，就像正如，就像”“这，那这，那”功能功能起连接上下文的作用，表起连接上下文的作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，达说
17、话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或并指出主句内容的根据或出处等出处等引导的从句引导的从句，在意义上相当于一在意义上相当于一个并列句个并列句a as,whichs,which引导非限制性定语从句的区别引导非限制性定语从句的区别当我们做非限制性定语从句的练习时当我们做非限制性定语从句的练习时,往往先确定先行词往往先确定先行词,然后再分析先行词然后再分析先行词在从句中的作用在从句中的作用,再对关系词加以选择。再对关系词加以选择。整理一番整理一番品读规律品读规律Tom found the ancient book,which was broken.As is said in the newspa
18、per,two farmers saw the UFO in the field.I like the house,whose windows face the sea.先行词指物先行词指物,在从句中做主或宾语在从句中做主或宾语,用关系词用关系词which,不能用不能用thatAs引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句,可放在可放在主句之前，也可放在主句后面。主句之前，也可放在主句后面。先行词在从句做定语先行词在从句做定语,用关系词用关系词whose介词介词+关系代词关系代词,介词的选用介词的选用,要根据从句的谓语要根据从句的谓语动词的构成。动词的构成。People will remem
19、ber August 8th,2008,when 29th Olympic Games was held in Beijing.先行词在从句中做时间状语先行词在从句中做时间状语,用用when或介词或介词+which。Cindy is a lovely girl,with whom many people like to make friends.易错对比练习易错对比练习1.1)Mr Li has three daughters，none of _ is an engineer 2)Mr Li has three daughters，but none of _ is a dancer 2.1)I
20、t was eleven oclock _ they went out of the cinema.2)It was at eleven oclock _ they went out of the cinema.3.1)It was in the hospital_ he came across a friend of his.2)It was the hospital _ he came across a friend of his.4.1).We should go to the place _ we are most needed.2).We should go to the place
21、 _ needs us most.5.1).Mother didnt come back on December 25,_was my birthday.2).Mother didnt come back home on December 25,_she was busy working.whomthemwhenthatwherethatwherewhich/thatwhichwhen6.1).This is the room _ he lived in his childhood.2).This is the room _ he lived in last year.7.1)The teac
22、her didnt know the reason _ she was absent yesterday?2)The teacher couldnt accept the reason _ she explained yesterday?8.1).He is such a good teacher _ we all like.2).He is such a good teacher _ we all like him.3).He is a good teacher,_ makes us respect him.9.1)Rice doesnt grow well _ there is not e
23、nough water.2)I still remember the farm _ my parents worked ten years ago.wherewhichwhywhich/thatasthatwhichwherewhere11.1)_ we all know,China is rich in natural resources.2)_ is well-known that China is rich in natural resources.3)_ is well-known to us all is that China is rich in natural resources
24、.12.1)Im surprised at all _ he said at the meeting.2)Im surprised at _ he said at the meeting.WhatAsItthatwhat13.1)He still lives in the room _ window faces to the east.2)He still lives in the room,the window _ which faces to the east.3)He still lives in the room _ is in the north of the city.4)He s
25、till lives in the room _ there is a beautiful table.whoseofwhich/thatwhere14.1)_ is known is that he has gone to college.2)_ is known that he has gone to college.3)_ is known,he has gone to college.4)We all know _ he has gone to college.5)He has gone to college,_ made us surprised.6)He has gone to c
26、ollege and _ made us surprised.7)He has gone to college,_ surprised us.8)_ surprised us most was _ he has gone to college.15.1)He arrived in Beijing in 1984,_ he became a manager some years later.2)He arrived in Beijing in 1984,_ was important for him.3)He arrived in Beijing in 1984,_ he was already in his fifties.4)It was in 1984 _ he arrived in Beijing.ItWhatAsthatitwhichWhatwhichthatwherewhichwhenthat
