1、完形填空解题指导目录content二、解题步骤四、实战演练五、学习迁移一、完形分析三、解题策略一完形分析语法，词汇，习语，句型，搭配等；语篇知识的理解、文体特征的把握；对时事政治等的关注【考查方向考查方向】讲述了作者住酒讲述了作者住酒店时，香肠招来店时，香肠招来海鸥的故事海鸥的故事。叙述了作者做护叙述了作者做护士期间遇到一个士期间遇到一个女病人，发生的女病人，发生的故事故事。讲述讲述了了作者作者勤劳吃苦，勤劳吃苦，暑期打工暑期打工的故事。的故事。2021年高考英语全国甲卷、乙卷、新高考I卷考点层次指从四个备选项中选择正确的或最佳的词填空时，考点层次指从四个备选项中选择正确的或最佳的词填空时，词
2、的取舍受什么层次影响词的取舍受什么层次影响。完形填空的考点可归为四个完形填空的考点可归为四个层次：层次：单词层次单词层次(word)、短语层次短语层次(phrase)、句子层次句子层次(sentence)、语篇层次语篇层次(discourse)重视上下文语境；对语言有整体感知的能力！重视上下文语境；对语言有整体感知的能力！动词动词(8(8题）题）动作线（动作链）动作线（动作链）-逻辑关系逻辑关系P1.workedP2.41 little bunny cakes 45 minimum wage see how a factory 46 P3.placeattachapply 49P4.54 53
3、 55以以20212021年新高考年新高考I I卷为例卷为例 C/B/A/D/C/B/D/D动词短语辨析动词短语辨析独立主格（独立主格（3737）所有词组都是在具体所有词组都是在具体语境中设题。语境中设题。20212021年高考英语全国甲卷、乙卷、新高考年高考英语全国甲卷、乙卷、新高考I I卷短语考查卷短语考查“The seagulls immediately went _32_.They rushed to the window,30 or 40 birds all trying to get out at the same time,and pepperonieverywhere.Olde
4、r and wiser now,Burchill chalked up the incident to youthful indiscretion(莽撞).“I come to you,hat in hand,to apologize for the damage I had _38_ caused and to ask you to _39_ my lifetime ban from the hotel.”（2021年甲卷）And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that ex
5、press different _42_ of gratitude(感谢).My thoughts were soon put to test.We had a woman patient who was _44_ from a knee replacement operation.（2021年乙卷）Our _48_ in the factory were simple:Place cakes on a moving belt.Attach icing(糖霜)ears.Apply icing eyes and nose._49_ bunny from the belt.This was _50
6、_ than it sounds.Slow down a bit and the cakes pile up.(新高考I卷)二解题步骤【1】速读全文，把握大意（1）关注文章首句和尾句；（2）初选出部分题目答案。解题步骤【2】瞻前顾后，先易后难（1）先解决简单题，遇到没有把握的，暂时跳过。（2）仔细推敲，着眼好3个点：句内层次、句组层次、语篇层次；关注上下文和语境。解题步骤【3】全文贯通，调整答案（1）进一步通读全文，核实所选答案是否合乎逻辑，上下文是否连贯。（2）检查语法、词汇、惯用法等。解题步骤三解题策略010203041.词汇线索2.上下文线索3.逻辑关系4.背景知识解题策略例1.Then
7、 a gardener named Bill moved in.Bill was a neat,hard-working and patient man who started working in the garden as soon as he settled in the streetAttracted by the _,the neighbors walked by and admired the newly manicured(修整的)garden.A.office clerkB.fashion designerC.landscape gardenerD.street cleaner
8、例2.Over the loudspeakers,we were told the plane was ready to leave and were asked to walk out to it.Everybody moved quickly in order to get the seats they wanted.I was unable to get a seat near the tail,but the plane looked strong inside than it did from outside.I fastened my seat belt before we too
9、k off and tried to forget my nervousness.After an hours flying I noticed black clouds ahead through my window.My _ immediately returned.A.sadnessB.forgetfulnessC.nervousnessD.excitement词汇线索词汇线索原词复现原词复现CC有时为了表达需要，在上下文中同一有时为了表达需要，在上下文中同一个单词会重复出现。个单词会重复出现。例1.To turn professional,people find it critical
10、 to develop a personal style.What makes your paintings _44_ among other paintings out there?Are your paintings standing out unmistakably directed to you as the creator?（上海市2019届高三一模）44.A.uniqueB.superiorC.practicalD.reliable 例2.When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown per
11、son,we usually say“sorry,wrong number!”and move on.But when Dennis Williams _42_ a text that clearly wasnt intended for him,he did something special.(2018年全国III卷)42.A.receivedB.translatedC.copiedD.printed词汇线索词汇线索同义词复现同义词复现AA借助意思相同的表达方式或解释性语借助意思相同的表达方式或解释性语言使上下文语义得以连接起来。言使上下文语义得以连接起来。例1.We all know t
12、hat some things are obviously right.For example,it is right to be kind to other people.It is also right to look after the environment.Some things are _ wrong,too.For instance,we should not hurt or bully(欺负)others,nor should we litter.Rules often tell us what is right or wrong.A.equallyB.slightlyC.cl
13、earlyD.increasingly例2.For any,finding an unattended wallet filled with 400 in cash would be a source of temptation.But the _16_ would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money.(2018年北京卷)16.A.hopeB.aimC.urgeD.effort词汇线索词汇线索近义词复现近义词复现CC借助意思相近的表达方式或解释性语借助意思相近的表达方式
14、或解释性语言使上下文语义得以连接起来。言使上下文语义得以连接起来。例1.Watering young plants in the dry season was tough for a lone boy.Molai built at the _33_ of each sapling(幼树)a bamboo platform,where he placed earthen pots with small holes to collect rainwater.The water would then drip on the plants below.（2020山东高考）33.A.backB.topC
15、.footD.side例2.Our roles in the factory were simple:Place cakes on a moving belt.Attach icing(糖霜)ears.Apply icing eyes and nose.Remove bunny from the belt.This was _50_ than it sounds.（2021年全国新高考I卷）50.A.harderB.betterC.longerD.cheaper词汇线索词汇线索反义词复现反义词复现BA语意的连贯有时是通过采用反义复现形成对比的语意的连贯有时是通过采用反义复现形成对比的手段体现的
16、，或者是以反义的方式对前文加以解手段体现的，或者是以反义的方式对前文加以解释，同学们可以从反义的角度判断正确的选项。释，同学们可以从反义的角度判断正确的选项。补充：补充：完形填空涉及对熟词生义、一词多义的适度考查熟词生义、一词多义的适度考查例1.Simply saying thank you doesnt seem enough in certain situations.I was considering this while working as a nurse just a few weeks ago.And it came to me then how much easier it w
17、ould be if we had a range of words that express different _42_ of gratitude(感谢).【2021年全国乙卷】42.A.gradesB.meaningsC.needsD.expectations例2.The game was between New Rochelle and Yonkers High.It was well played and _24_ contested.When there were only 30 seconds left,Yonkers was leading by one point.【2022
18、福建泉州1月监测】24.A.successfullyB.seriously C.closely D.eagerlyAC例1.Finally,for many editors,_ is an important factor,too.They prefer stories about people,places and events which their readers know.Thats why the stories in Tokyos newspapers are often very different from the stories printed in Paris,Cario,
19、New York.A.personalityB.similarityC.uniquenessD.familiarity 例2.The logic behind cultivating customer loyalty is impossible to deny.“In practice most companies marketing effort is focused on getting customers,with little attention paid to keeping them”,says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University School
20、 of Management.“Research suggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits.Established customers tend to buy more,are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers.Furthermore,they tend to be less price sensitive,and may provide free word-of
21、-mouth advertising.Retaining customers also makes it _ for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.A.unfairB.difficultC.essentialD.convenient二、关注上下文线索二、关注上下文线索DB例1.People think children should play sports.Sports are fun,and children keep healthy while playing with others.Ho
22、wever,playing sports can have _1_ effects on children.It may produce feelings of poor self-respect or aggressive behavior in some children.A.restrictiveB.negativeC.activeD.instructive例2.In the US,Dominos Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than$5,000 over ten years.A customer who r
23、eceives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and _58_ never returns,is losing the company thousands of dollars in huge profits(more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience).58.A.as a result B.on the wholeC.in conclusionD.on the contrary三、逻
24、辑关系三、逻辑关系BA三、三、Logic relationship逻辑关系逻辑关系and,or,not onlybut also,In addition,on top of.thus,therefore,so,hence.For example,For instance,such as,like,that is.but,however,yet,still,instead,though,even though,despite,in spite of,parallel&progressive并列递进并列递进 example&explanation举例说明举例说明cause and effect 因
25、果关系因果关系adversative让步转折让步转折例1.The solution,of course,was to plant trees so the animals could seek shelter during the day time.He turned to the _29_ department for help but was told that nothing would grow there.(2020年山东卷)29.A.laborB.policeC.forestD.finance例2.My dad chose a 16-mile section of the road
26、 for us to ride.Part of it included an old tunnel called Sideling Hill which is over a mile long!To _45_,we checked our tires and made sure our lights had batteries.In the morning,we loaded our bikes into the car and set off.（福建省福州市2021-2022高三期中联考）45.A.prepareB.registerC.cooperateD.participate例3.Old
27、er and wiser now,Burchill chalked up the incident to youthful indiscretion(莽撞).“I have matured and I admit responsibility of my actions,”he said in the letter.“I come to you,_37_,to apologize for the damage I had indirectly caused and to ask you to reconsider my lifetime ban from the hotel.”（2021年全国
28、甲卷完形）37.A.hands in pocketB.nose in the airC.hat in handD.feet on the ground运用背景知识运用背景知识ACC背景知识、生活常识在解答完形填空时也发挥着一定作用。背景知识、生活常识在解答完形填空时也发挥着一定作用。完形填空语篇中渗透着文学、科技、历史、地理、风土人情完形填空语篇中渗透着文学、科技、历史、地理、风土人情等。等。四实战演练Q1.What does the passage mainly talk about?Rene Compean got lost in Angeles National Forest and w
29、as finally rescued with the help of Kuo with strong satellite skills and a sharp eye.【一一】读全文、明大意读全文、明大意Q2.What should we pay attention to when doing a cloze test?【二二】品语境、析逻辑品语境、析逻辑情节线（动作线情节线（动作线5 5）：）：Rene CompeanP1.Got lost;P2.(phone)_24_?P3.Climbedtextedattachedwaitedhoped _27_?keptKuo-a _35_?to R
30、ene CompeanLoves _30_?(places to take photos)Sawpulled up_31_?compared_32_?tightened情感线：情感线：Confident;(no stranger)Concerned;(challenge a _21_?path)(Faded into dusk)_22_?;Relieved.【三三】依常识，定答案依常识，定答案五学习迁移1.自主梳理答案自主梳理答案2.自主拓展词汇自主拓展词汇3.自主改编语篇自主改编语篇4.自主尝试命题自主尝试命题题号题号考点（考点（v?n?adj?adv?v?n?adj?adv?Phrases
31、?Phrases?）考点层次（句内？句组？语篇层次？）考点层次（句内？句组？语篇层次？）212223242526272829303132333435自主梳理答案自主梳理答案深入理解语篇考点深入理解语篇考点题号题号考点考点考点层次考点层次212224答案分析答案分析动词词义辨析动词词义辨析名词词义辨析名词词义辨析句组层次。考查上下文联系句组层次。考查上下文联系及及die熟词生义熟词生义(停止运行停止运行)。形容词词义辨析形容词词义辨析句组层次。考查上下文逻辑关系句组层次。考查上下文逻辑关系(But)。句内层次。考查常识，由句内层次。考查常识，由concern-fear。题号题号考点考点考点层次考
32、点层次21形容词词义辨析句组层次。考查上下文关系。22名词词义辨析句内层次。考查常识。23名词词义辨析句组层次。考查上下文关系。24动词词义辨析句组层次。考查语境及上下文关系，考查熟词生义。25名词词义辨析句组层次。考查上下文联系，考查熟词生义。26名词词义辨析语篇层次。考查语篇情境里的名词使用。27动词词义辨析句内层次。考查上下文情境。28形容词词义辨析句内层次。考查常识。29副词词义辨析句内层次。考查常识。30动词短语词义辨析句间层次。考场上下文关系。31动词词义辨析句间层次。考查上下文关系。32动词词义辨析句内层次。考查上下文情境。33形容词词义辨析语篇层次。考查上下段联系。34名词词义
33、辨析句间层次。考查上下文关系。35名词词义辨析语篇层次。考查语篇情境里名词的使用。答案分析答案分析中文中文英文英文自由拓展（词性变换、近义词、反义词、固定搭配等）自由拓展（词性变换、近义词、反义词、固定搭配等）减弱减弱fadefade v.变淡，衰落；变淡，衰落；fade away 逐渐消逝逐渐消逝自主拓展词汇自主拓展词汇夯实词汇基础夯实词汇基础中文中文英文英文自由拓展（词性变换、近义词、反义词、固定搭配等）自由拓展（词性变换、近义词、反义词、固定搭配等）减弱减弱fadefade v.变淡，衰落；变淡，衰落；fade away 逐渐消逝逐渐消逝mechanicspotnarrowrelease
34、tightenconfusionsignalshot词汇迁移词汇迁移mechanics n.力学力学;the mechanics 手段手段spot v.发现；发现；n.斑点；污渍；疱疹；斑点；污渍；疱疹；on the spot 当场；在现场当场；在现场narrow adj.勉强的；目光短浅的；勉强的；目光短浅的；narrow v.使窄小；使窄小；narrowly adv.勉强地，狭隘地勉强地，狭隘地a narrow escape 九死一生九死一生release v.免除；公开；发布免除；公开；发布 release n.解脱；发行；排放；解脱；发行；排放；setfreetight adj.牢固的
35、；严厉的；拮据的牢固的；严厉的；拮据的 tightly adv.紧紧地；紧密地紧紧地；紧密地confuse v.使困惑；使困惑；confused adj.困惑的；困惑的；confusing adj.令人困惑的令人困惑的 in confusion局促不安局促不安signal v.发信号；示意；表明，暗示发信号；示意；表明，暗示shot n.开枪；投球；镜头；尝试开枪；投球；镜头；尝试 shoot-shot-shot机修工机修工释放释放使狭窄使狭窄地点，场所地点，场所困惑困惑使变紧使变紧信号信号照片照片Rene Compean was no stranger to Angeles National
36、 Forest.But after challenging a(n)new path last April,the 45-year-old mechanic was lost.As the day faded into dusk,his concern turned to fear.Compean climbed to a spot with one bar of signal.“Im lost.SOS.My phone is going to die.”He texted the police,attaching a photo showing where he was.The shot s
37、howed his legs surrounded by an endless landscape of rocks and plants.All Compean could do then was wait and hope.The temperature was dropping fast.After spotting two mountain lions and a bear,he kept a big stick and some sharp rocks beside him in case an animal came close.Kuo,then 47,works in the t
38、ech industry,and always loves looking for where photos are taken.When he saw the image of Compeans legs released on the Twitter,he pulled up a satellite map.He narrowed his search to the surrounding area after knowing Compeans car was parked near Buckhorn Campground.After comparing it to the satelli
39、te map,Kuo realized something:“Hes got to be on the south side because theres not really any green valleys on the north side.”That finding tightened his search,and finally the locations matched!Soon,Compean was saved.Compeans story probably would have ended very differently,had a stranger with stron
40、g satellite skills and a sharp eye for detail not taken action.自主改编语篇自主改编语篇改编成语法填空改编成语法填空语法填空的体裁：说明文或记叙文；篇幅：语法填空的体裁：说明文或记叙文；篇幅：210210词左右。词左右。重视高阶思维能力和辩证思维能力的考查。更加关注重视高阶思维能力和辩证思维能力的考查。更加关注“语篇语篇”。Rene Compean was no stranger _1_ Angeles National Forest._2_ after challenging a(n)new path last April,the
41、 45-year-old mechanic was lost.As the day faded into dusk,his concern turned to fear.Compean climbed to a spot with one bar of signal.“Im lost.SOS.My phone is going to die.”He texted the police,_3_(attach)a photo showing where he was.The shot showed his legs surrounded by _4_ endless landscape of ro
42、cks and plants.All Compean could do then was wait and hope.The temperature was dropping fast.After spotting two mountain lions and a bear,he kept a big stick and some sharp rocks beside him in case an animal came _5_(close).Kuo,then 47,works in the tech industry,and always loves looking for _6_ phot
43、os are taken.When he saw the image of Compeans legs _7_(release)on the Twitter,he pulled up a satellite map.He narrowed his search to the _8_(surround)area after knowing Compeans car was parked near Buckhorn Campground.After comparing it to the satellite map,Kuo realized something:“Hes got to be on
44、the south side because theres not really any green _9_(valley)on the north side.”That finding tightened his search,and finally the locations matched!Soon,Compean _10_(save).Compeans story probably would have ended very differently,had a stranger with strong satellite skills and a sharp eye for detai
45、l not taken action.语篇迁移语篇迁移改编成语法填空改编成语法填空1.1.介词介词2.2.连词连词3.3.非谓语非谓语4.4.冠词冠词5.5.副词副词6.6.连词连词7.7.非谓语非谓语8.8.形容词形容词9.9.名词复数名词复数10.10.动词语态动词语态及主谓一致及主谓一致自主尝试命题自主尝试命题(P3)All Compean could do then was wait and hope.The temperature was dropping fast.After spotting two mountain lions and a bear,he kept a big
46、stick and some sharp rocks beside him in case an animal came close.(P4)Kuo,then 47,works in the tech industry,and always loves looking for where photos are taken.When he saw the image of Compeans legs released on the Twitter,he pulled up a satellite map.He narrowed his search to the surrounding area
47、 after knowing Compeans car was parked near Buckhorn Campground.After comparing it to the satellite map,Kuo realized something:“Hes got to be on the south side because theres not really any green valleys on the north side.”That finding tightened his search,and finally the locations matched!Soon,Compean was saved.从从“上下文上下文”和和“逻辑关系逻辑关系”两个角度自主命制至少两道两个角度自主命制至少两道题目。题目。1.A.even thoughB.in caseC.owing toD.shortly after2.A.applaudedB.downloadedC.highlighted D.released3.A.countedB.equaledC.matchedD.respondedin casereleasedmatched总结Summary二、解题步骤四、实战演练五、学习迁移一、完形分析三、解题策略Thanks
