1、攻略2 圈定七选五 设题有章法 领悟完胜绝招 举一反三解答七选五 命题人 秘授口诀 高考状元 细说误区 圈定设题三特点 1空设在段首 (1)段落主题句 根据段落一致原则， 查找相关词或同义 词，从而推断出主题句。 (2)上下文逻辑 一般来说，着重阅读后面的一句话能更好 把握逻辑关系。 (3)段落过渡句 通常正确答案与上一段结尾及下一段内容相 衔接。 2空设在段中 (1)承上启下 找出段落主旨是这个段落的主要任务，才能做 到自成一体。 (2)内容连贯 将选项代入原文，符合逻辑的才是正确答案。 3空设在段尾 (1)重点语句 注意空前的一句或两句是重点阅读对象。 (2)确定关系 明确与前文是转折或对
2、比、总结或递进、并列 或排比的关系。 (3)引出下文 在选项中找不出与前文的关系， 此时可以考虑 与下一段的开头或整篇文章是否有一定关系。 考生在答题时常见盲区： 1忽略上下文句意 在排查干 扰项时，务必仔细阅读题空的 上下句，分析句意是否通顺， 避免貌合神离。 2忽略句中关键词 文章中重 复使用某一词语或此范畴的词 语或使用同义表达，这类词语 不可忽视。 3忽略典型过渡词 对过渡词 把握不准，意味着对文章逻辑 掌握得不准确，势必造成错 答。所以要关注题空前后的过 渡词，如however，therefore， instead，on the contrary等。 4忽略文章的主题 不要只关 注题
3、空选项，而忽略了全文的 主旨，即注意选项中所讲内容 是否与前后句讲的是同一主 题。 研磨真题 提升审题力 技法1|空格在段首主题句 典例 2020 全国卷We all want it.to accept and love ourselves. But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach. 36.Where do you start? Heres a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction. _37_ Do not follow the peop
4、le who make you feel not- good- enough. Why do you follow them? Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own; you are the only you in this world. DRemember, you are only human. ESet an intention for self- acceptance.
5、FStop comparing yourself with others. 点拨：本空是段落主题句。由空后的两个问句可知本段主要 讲不要和他人对比，故停止与他人作比较符合语境。 自主解答：_ F 增分技巧 关注与下文的关系：着重阅读空后的第一、二 句，确定相关信息词，然后在选项中查找与之相关的内容。 技法2|空格在段首过渡句 典例 2019 全国卷 We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.” 36.But is fresh air really as good for you as your
6、 mother always said? According to recent studies，the answer is a big YES，if the air quality in your camping area is good. _37_ If the air youre breathing is cleanwhich it would be if youre away from the smog of citiesthen the air is filled with life- giving，energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of
7、doors，your body will learn to breathe more deeply，allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉) and your brain. AFresh air cleans our lungs. BSo what are you waiting for? CBeing in nature refreshes us. DAnother side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight. 点拨：本空是段首过渡句。空前提到“出去呼吸点儿新鲜空 气对我们有好处”
8、，空格后又陈述了呼吸洁净的室外空气使身体 受益， 因此， “新鲜的空气清洁我们的肺”符合语境。 自主解答：_ A 增分技巧 段首过渡句：空格在段首的句子有时是承上启下 的过渡句，解题时需要通过认真研读该段的内容，瞻前顾后，前 后照应，从而确定答案。 技法3|空格在段中细节句 典例 2020 全国卷 Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our failures. _38_ You will make mistakes
9、, time and time again. Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate (有同情心的) response？“That didnt go as planned. But, I tried my best.” AFeeling upset again? BWhere do you start? CNothing is too small to celebrate. DRemember, you are only hum
10、an. 点拨：根据段落主题句“Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made.”及下文的“You will make mistakes, time and time again.”暗示空格处表示“你只是一个普通的人， 是人都会犯错 误”。本设空类型属于细节理解类。 自主解答：_ D 增分技巧 阅读空格前后内容，标记关键词 技法4|空格在段中过渡句 典例 2020 全国卷A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new
11、apartment or house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party. The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home. _36_ And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents. BIt is traditional to bring a gift
12、 to a housewarming party. CYou can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests. DIf youre lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place. EIt also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like. 点拨：本空是过渡句。结合空前一句“The party is a chance for friends and family to congra
13、tulate the person on the new home.”和 空后一句“And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.”可知，空处讲的应是乔迁聚会给人们带来的好 处。 自主解答：_ E 增分技巧 段中过渡句 技法5|空格在段尾总结句 典例 2020 浙江卷7月I experienced years of loneliness as a child. 31. My older brother couldnt be bothered to play with me. His fr
14、iends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine. With no other kids of my age in the neighborhood, I had to spend hours by myself. A bright spot for me turned out to be reading. My love of the written word began early as my mother read to me every evening
15、. 32.I loved the colorful photographs in the books. I started reading books on my own before age 5 and my mother took me to the public library once a week to borrow several books. I quickly graduated from typical childrens books to ones with fewer pictures and longer chapters. Reading opened new wor
16、lds to me. _33_ AI wasnt alone any longer. BI enjoyed reading stories aloud. CI was invited to play with another kid. 点拨：该段主要谈到书籍对作者的影响。由第一段“I experienced years of loneliness as a child.”作者以前感到很孤独；结 合空格上句“Reading opened new worlds to me”，阅读让“我” 沉浸在全新的世界里，使“我”不再感到孤独。本段首句与此对 应，故选“我不再孤独”符合语境。 自主解答：_ A
17、增分技巧 段尾句多为承上启下句或总结、概括句。解题时 可从这个角度去思考：这一空是归纳本段主旨还是引出下一段的 内容？如果在选项中找不出与前文的关联，此时可考虑与下一段 开头是否体现出了衔接。认真阅读下一段的开头几句，看是否能 与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。 识别选项陷阱，有效提高解题效率 考场练兵 检验考试能力 A 2020 济南市4月模拟Handwriting is quickly becoming a dying art. Few businesses can run nowadays without computers. _1_ Researchers from Princeton U
18、niversity conducted a study to demonstrate the differences between students who wrote out their notes and those who typed notes on a lecture. _2_ Participants were tested on the material 30 minutes after the lecture and again a week later. And handwriting emerged as the champion. _3_ The typers had
19、a significant edge when it came to note- taking efficiency. The typers could copy down significantly many more words than the writers, sometimes even transcribing the content of the lecture word for word. But while more of the lectures content was retained (保留) on paper when typing, it wasnt necessa
20、rily retained in participants heads. _4_ On the test 30 minutes after the lecture, typers and writers did more or less equally well on questions about the basic facts of the lecture, but typers fell behind when it came to more conceptual questions. As for the later quiz, the results were similar. St
21、udents with handwritten notes were able to remember and still understand the concepts of the lecture after a week had passed. These participants were also more open to understanding new ideas. _5_ AThe tests that the participants took proved this. BThe efficiency of handwriting might best benefit yo
22、u. CThats not to say that typing doesnt have its benefits. DIn this study, the laptops were only used to take notes. EGenerally speaking, typing also has its own disadvantages. FBut what are we losing as handwriting loses its significance in society? GClearly, writing by hand is one of the things th
23、at can make you smarter. 语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会书写优势 手写会让你变的更加聪明 【文章大意】 通过对比实验说明手写笔记比用电脑记笔记 有更多的优势。 1答案与解析：F 考查承上启下句。根据上文所陈述事实 和下文提到的实验可知，F项符合语境。首句“Handwriting is quickly becoming a dying art”与该选项中losing和loses相呼应。 2答案与解析：D 考查细节支撑句。根据空前实验目的和 空后实验结果可知此处是实验中对电脑使用的条件限制。 3答案与解析：C 考查段落主旨句。此空位于该段句首。 根据空后内容可知该段陈
24、述的是用电脑记笔记的优势。 4答案与解析：A 考查细节支撑句。根据语境可知，空后 内容是对实验结果的陈述，故A项符合语境。 5答案与解析：G 考查段落主旨句。所填句是对最后两段 实验结果的总结概括。 B 2020 太原市高三年级模拟三Not long ago, no one understood that infectious diseases were caused by tiny organisms that moved from person to person. Even now, although we know that tiny living microbes cause dis
25、ease, how they do so is not always obvious. _1_ .They can also be transmitted through our skin through insect or animal bites. The best way to prevent infections is to block pathogens (致病菌) from entering the body. The first line of defense is to keep germs at bay by following good personal health ha
26、bits. Wash your hands well. You probably wash your hands after using the bathroom, before preparing or eating food, and after gardening or other dirty tasks. _2_. Wet your hands thoroughly. Lather (产生泡沫) up with soap or cleanser, and rub it into the palms and backs of your hands and your wrists. Be
27、sure to clean your fingertips, under your nails and between your fingers. Wash under running water. _3_. Whether you are young or young at heart, getting vaccinated (接 种疫苗) is an essential part of staying healthy. _4_ such as a temporarily sore arm or low fever, they are generally safe and effective
28、. Vaccinations are essential if you are to avoid getting sick. In general, children should receive the recommended childhood vaccinations. Adults should make sure their vaccinations are up to date. When traveling abroad，check with your health care provider about additional immunizations (免疫) _5_. St
29、ay clear of wild animals. Many wild animals, including bats, foxes and coyotes, can spread the virus to humans by biting. Keep your pets away from wild animals，too. Dogs, cats or any other type of warm- blooded animal can pick up the virus and pass the virus along to people. ADry your hands and wris
30、ts thoroughly BUse animal control to prevent infections CWhile vaccines may cause some common side effects DAlthough vaccines cannot prevent some rare diseases EOther wild animals cannot transmit the virus and other infections FWe do know that most microbes enter through openings in the body GYou sh
31、ould also wash up after blowing your nose，coughing, or sneezing 语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会健康防护 阻止病毒进入人体的最佳方式 【文章大意】 传染病是由微小的有机体引起的、可以在人 与人之间传播的一种疾病。我们应该采用有效的措施去阻止病毒 进入人体勤洗手、接种疫苗、采用动物管理措施。 1答案与解析：F 本空是一个过渡句。根据空后一句 “They can also be transmitted through our skin through insect or animal bites”可知，空处讲到的应该是微生物进入人
32、体的方式之 一，故F项符合语境。 2答案与解析：G 本空是一个过渡句。根据空前一句 “You probably wash your hands after using the bathroom，before preparing or eating food, and after gardening or other dirty tasks”和后 一句“Wet your hands thoroughly”可知，空处讲到的应该也是需 要洗手的情况，故G项符合语境。 3答案与解析：A 本空是一个段尾句。根据空前两句“Be sure to clean your fingertips，under your nails and between your fingers. Wash under running water“可知，空处讲到的是洗手流程 的最后一步，所以A项符合语境。 4答案与解析：C 本空是一个过渡句。分析句子结构可 知，空处需要一个从句，因此C、D选项符合要求，再结合“such as a temporarily sore arm or low fever”可知，空处讲到的应该是接 种疫苗可能产生的副作用，故C项符合语境。 5答案与解析：B 本空是一个中心句。综合本段内容可 知，本段主要讲到的是动物管理方面的话题，所以B项适合作本段 的中心句。
