1、第一篇第一篇 中考语言基础知识中考语言基础知识第第1212课课 八八下下 Modules 34 34重点易错单词1._（n.）模型2._（n.）宇宙飞船3._（n.）计划；工程4._（v.）发现；找到5._（n.）宇航员6._（n.）环境7._（adj.）太阳的；与太阳 有关的8._（n.）系统；体系9._（n.）群；组10._（n.）宇宙11._（adj.）办不到的；不 可能的12._（v.）联系；交流13._（n.）头痛14._（n.）牙痛 model spaceship project discover astronaut environment solar system group u
2、niverse impossible communicate headache toothache 重点易错单词15._（n.）心；心脏16._（n.）成员；会员17._（n.）状况；身体状况18._（adj.）困的；想睡的19._（n.）疾病；病20._（v.）运动；锻炼21._（adj.）极讨厌的；极坏的 heart member condition sleepy illness exercise awful 一词多义1._（n.）地球；泥土2._（adj.）每日的；日常的 （n.）日报3._（adv.）然而；已经；还，尚 （conj.）然而；但是4._（adv.）刚刚；刚才；仅仅；正好5
3、._（prep.）自以来（conj.）自以来，从至 今；因为；由于；既然6._（v.）携带；拿走；取走；带去；引领；（用机器）测 定；量取；拍摄；（尤指有规律地）吃、喝；花费；搭乘 earth daily yet just since take 词形变换1.reach（v.）_（近义词）到达 _（第三人称单数一般现在式）到达2.late（adj.）_（最高级）最迟的3.that（pron.）_（pl.）那些municate（v.）_（n.）联系；交流5.ill（adj.）_（n.）疾病 _（比较级）更糟的 _（最高级）最糟的6.this（pron.）_（pl.）这些7.cold（n.）_（ad
4、j.）冷的8.health（n.）_（adj.）健康的 arrive reaches latest those communication illness worse worst these cold healthy 词形变换9.well（adj.）_（比较级）更健康的10.active（adj.）_（n.）活动 _（比较级）更积极的 _（最高级）最积极的11.weak（adj.）_（反义词）强壮的 _（近义词）弱的；差的；穷的 _（比较级）更弱的 _（最高级）最弱的12.perhaps（adv.）_（近义词）也许；可能13.environment（n.）_（adj.）环境的 better a
5、ctivity more active most active strong poor weaker weakest maybe environmental 中考词组短语1._ 从事；正在做2._ 做一艘宇宙飞船模型3._ 最新消息4._ 成为新闻5._ 发现生命6._ 获得信息7._ 寻找8._ 在地球上9._ 绕着转10._ 一个都没有11._ 太阳系12._ 数十亿的 be up to make a model spaceship the latest news be on the news discover life get information search for on the
6、earth go around.none of.the solar system billions of中考词组短语13._ 在宇宙中14._ 在太空中15._ 伸出16._ 患感冒17._ 量体温18._ 去跑步19._ 快餐20._ 锻炼21._ 对有害22._ 浑身；到处23._ 一天三次24._ 健康生活 in the universe in space reach out catch a cold take ones temperature go for a run fast food do/take exercise be harmful to.all over three tim
7、es a day healthy living中考词组短语25._ 感觉好26._ 检查心脏27._ 一个女子足球队28._ 一位的成员29._ 参加30._ 健康状况很好31._ 在过去的几年中32._ 感到困倦的33._ 我生活的一部分34._ 日常锻炼35._ 我面带微笑 feel well check ones heart a girls football team a member of.take part in in excellent condition for the last few years feel sleepy part of my life daily exerci
8、se with a smile on my face中考句型回顾语法句型1.I have _ _ a model spaceship for our school project.我刚刚做了一个我们学校课题要求的宇宙飞船模型。2.I _ started _ because I am not sure _ to make it.我还没有开始呢，因为我拿不准该如何做。3.Has it arrived _?它已经到达了吗？Yes,it has _ arrived.是的，它已经到了。4.Astronauts _ _ _ to the moon.宇航员已经去过月球了。just made havent y
9、et how yet already have already been中考句型回顾语法句型5.There _ _ life on the earth _ hundreds of millions of years.地球上的生命已经存在数亿年了。6._ _ _ you _ like this?你像这样多长时间了？_ Friday.Ive been ill _ about three days!从星期五开始。我已经病了大约三天了！7.I _ _ much exercise _ I got my computer last year.自从去年有了电脑，我就很少锻炼了。8._ _,it has _
10、part of my life.从那以后，它就成了我生活的一部分。has been for How long have been Since for havent done since Since then become 中考句型回顾功能句型1.太空科技：_ _ has been to Mars _ because Mars is _ _ away than the moon.还是没有人去过火星，因为火星比月球距离地球远得多。Lots of scientists are working hard _ order _ send astronauts to Mars one day.为了有一天将宇
11、航员送到火星，许多科学家正在努力工作。The astronaut _ _ to the space station.He _ _ back tomorrow.宇航员去太空站了，他将在明天返回。2.身体保健：I got a _ ache and my head _.我胃疼，头也疼。No one yet much farther in to has gone will come stomach hurts 中考句型回顾功能句型Let me _ your _.There is no _.让我量一下你的体温，没有发烧。_ _ youve got a stomach ache.那就是你胃疼的原因。You
12、 _ too much time in front of the computer,and it can be very _ to your _.你在电脑前待太久了，这对你的健康十分有害。First,stop _ _ food and have breakfast every day.首先，别再吃快餐，要每天吃早餐。Second,get some _,such as _.其次，做一些运动，比如跑步。Ill give you some _._ it three _ a day.我会给你开些药，一天吃三次。take temperature fever Thats why spend harmful
13、 health eating fast exercise running medicine Take times 一、discover v.（第一个）发现；（出乎意料地）发现，找到，发觉；了解到；认 识到；查明。如：He was discovered hiding in a shed.人们发现他原来藏在棚屋里。discover,invent,find与find out1.discover指“发现”某种本来存在，而以前未被发现的事物或未为人 所知的东西。如：I discovered（that）she was a good cook.我发现她是个烹饪好手/她很会烧菜。So have they di
14、scovered life on Mars?那么他们在火星上发现生命了吗？2.invent指“发明”，即原来没有而后来发明创造的东西。如：Edison didnt discover electricity,but invented the record player.爱迪生不是发现了电，而是发明了留声机。3.find强调在经过“寻找”（look for）后“找的结果”（找到或找不 到），又可以表示“（偶然地）发现”。如：I found a watch on the road.我在路上发现了一块手表。I found my cat asleep in my bed.我发现我的猫在我的床上睡着了。4
15、.find out通常表示“弄明白；搞清楚（事实等）；查明（真相等）”。如：The teacher wanted to find out who had broken the door.老师想查明是谁弄坏了门。用find,invent,find out或discover的适当形式填空。1.He _ a new teaching method.2.I lost a watch.Luckily,I _ it this morning.3.Columbus _ America in 1492.4.We soon _ the truth.5.I _ it hard to talk with her y
16、esterday.6.Please _ when the ship sails for New York.7.Who _ the telephone?8.You will _ what kind of person he is some day.discovered found discovered found out found find out invented find out 二、since 1.prep.自以来；从以后。如：Shes been off work since Tuesday.星期二以来她一直没上班。2.conj.从以后；自以来；因为；由于；既然。如：Cath hasnt
17、 phoned since she went to Berlin.卡思自从去了柏林还没有打来过电话。3.adv.自以来；从以后；此后；后来。如：We came to the UK in 1974 and have lived here ever since.我们在1974年来到英国，从那以后就一直住在这儿。相关搭配：ever since从那时起；since then 从那以后。since与for1.since作介词时，意为“自以来”。该词指以过去某一时间为起点到 现在或到所提及的时间，常与现在完成时连用，其后多接时间点。如：Ive been here since 10 oclock this
18、morning.我今天早上10点就在这儿了。2.since作“自从”讲时还可作连词，引导一个时间状语从句，通常主句中 的谓语动词用现在完成时，since引导的从句用一般过去时。如：A lot of things have happened to me since I last wrote to you.自从上次给你写信以来，我经历了许多事情。3.since还有“既然；因为”的意思。如：Since the rain has stopped,lets go for a walk.既然雨停了，我们出去散散步吧。4.句型：It is+一段时间+since+从句（一般过去时）.，意为“自 以来有多长时间
19、了”。如：It is half a month since he became a League member.他成为团员已经有半个月了。5.for表示动作从过去某个时刻开始，一直持续到现在，有可能还将持 续下去。如：I have lived in Beijing for four years.我已经在北京住了四年。（“居住”这个动作从四年前一直持续到现 在，也有可能还会持续下去）用于现在完成时的单词或短语有：recently（近来）,since+时间点,for+时间段,in the past.years,in the last.years,up to now,so far,since the
20、n,ever,never,yet,already,just等。如：So far,I have learnt 1,200 words.到目前为止，我已经学了1 200个单词。填入适当的词或用所给词的适当形式填空1.Great changes _(take)place since you left.2.I have been here since five months _.3._ is 10 years since he died.4._ we are young,we shouldnt be too afraid of making mistakes.5.Its a long time _ h
21、e began to study Chinese.6.She has lived in China _ 2 years.7.Peter has been waiting for Tony _ four oclock.8.I left Shanghai in1980._ then,it has changed a lot.9.Ive never seen her _ we got separated in 2010.10.I _(not see)my grandma since last year.have takenagoItSincesinceforsinceSincesincehavent
22、 seen/have not seen三、exercise 1.n.锻炼；体操；练习；习题。如：Do you do any exercise?你做锻炼吗？2.vi.锻炼。如：How often do you exercise?你多长时间锻炼一次？注意：注意：exercise作不可数名词时，意为“锻炼”；exercise作可数 名词时，意为“练习（题）”；exercise表示“早操；眼保健操”时，要用复数形式。用exercise的适当形式填空。1.Tony,please do eye _ carefully.2.Many old people do _ in the park every mor
23、ning.3.Doing morning _ is good for students health.4.I did some maths _ this morning.5.She _ two or three times a week.exercises exercise exercises exercises exercises四、none pron.没有一个；毫无。如：We have three sons but none of them lives nearby.我们有三个儿子，但他们都不住在附近。none,no one与neither1.不定代词none表示“没有一个；毫无”，既可指
24、人也可指物，常用于 回答how many开头的特殊疑问句。常和of连用，表示“三者或三者以 上当中一个都没有”。后面可以接可数名词，谓语动词单复数都可以；也可接不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。如：None of us have/has been abroad.我们没人去过国外。How many students are there in the room?房间里有几个学生？None.一个也没有。2.no one也表示“一个都没有”。从所指代的名词来看，no one=nobody，两者均只能指人不指物，且不可与of连用。作主语时，谓语动词用单数。no one常用于回答who开头的特殊疑问句。如：Al
25、most no one believed her.几乎没有人相信她。Who is in the classroom?谁在教室里？No one.没人。3.neither用法如下：（1）neither作形容词时，表示“（两者）都不”，置于单数名词之前。如：Neither article is made in Beijing.这两种物品都不是北京制造的。（2）neither作代词时，表示“两者都不；双方均不”。如：Neither of us likes it.我们两个都不喜欢它。Which one would you like?你喜欢哪一个？Neither.两个都不喜欢。（3）neither作连词时
26、，常用短语为neither.nor.，意为“既不也 不”，谓语遵循“就近原则”。如：Neither he nor I am well educated.他和我都没受过良好教育。（4）neither作副词时，作“也不”解释，放在句首，表示前面否定的内 容也适用于另一个人或物，句子须采用部分倒装。此时也可用nor替换 neither使用。如：I dont like this dress.我不喜欢这条连衣裙。Neither/Nor do I.我也不喜欢。用none,no one或neither的适当形式填空。1.He is so rude that _ likes him.2.How many pe
27、ople are there?_.3.Who is absent?_.4._ of my friends are interested in the film.5.I wanted some more coffee but there was _ left.6.I wont go shopping tomorrow._ will I.7.She bought two toys,but _ could please the child.8.He likes his tea _ too hot nor too cold.no one None No one None none Neither ne
28、ither neither 五、yet adv.尚；还；仍然。如：I havent received a letter from him yet.我还没有收到他的信呢。already与yet现在完成时中，already和yet都可意为“已经”。两者区别主要如下：1.already用于肯定句，放在句中或句尾。如：Ive already been there twice.=Ive been there twice already.我已经去过那里两次了。2.yet用于否定句或疑问句中，放在句尾。如：I havent finished reading the book yet.我还没有读完那本书。Ha
29、ve the children come back home yet?孩子们回家了吗？用already或yet填空。1.Have you seen the film _?2.I have _ finished my homework.3.He has had the exam _.4.Astronauts have _ been to the moon.5.The scientists havent heard from it _.yet yet already already already Thats why he failed.那就是他失败的原因。Thats why.意为“这就是的原因”
30、，其中why.是一个表示原因的 表语从句。如：Thats why its on the news.这就是它成为新闻报道的原因。He helped an old granny go to hospital.Thats why he was late yesterday morning.他帮助一个老太太去医院，这就是他昨天早上迟到的原因。根据汉语提示完成句子。1.His mother is ill.Thats _（为什么）he is unhappy today.2._（这就是的原因）you have succeeded.why Thats why 一、选词填空 用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空。每词
31、限用一次。1.The storm swept across the island and left damage _.2.We plan to travel to Europeto Spain or Italy,_.3.There are _ flights from Beijing to Hangzhou.4.My grandfather _ most evenings usually by running.5.The lion is a _ of the cat family.member all over day exercise perhaps all over perhaps dai
32、ly exercises member 二、单词拼写1.Have you ever had any serious _（疾病）?2.The warmth from the fire made her feel _（困的）.3.It is _（不可能的）to get the fridge through the door.4.I havent played rugby _（自以来）I left university.5.His _（最近的）film is one of the funniest hes ever made.6.The meeting has not been cancelled
33、_（还；尚）.7.Although these were good students,_（无一人）had a score above 60.8.The book has won the _（心）of young people though it came out last week.9.People use more than words when they _（交流）with each other.10.In the past,Forest Service workers often _（发现）campfires that had not been put out completely.il
34、lnesses sleepy impossible since latest yet none hearts communicate discovered 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。A man got lost in a desert.He walked for two 1 （day）but he still couldnt find his way out.Dying for water,he found 2 empty house in the desert.There was a water pump（泵）in the hous
35、e!The man was so happy 3 he ran to draw water.But no matter how hard he tried,no water came out.He 4 （sit）sadly on the ground when he saw a little bottle with a cork（软木塞）in it.On the bottle,there was an old note saying:You must add the water into the pump before you can draw water!Dont forget 5 （fil
36、l）it with water again before you leave!The man took the cork out and 6 （happy）found the bottle was full of water!daysanthatwas sitting/satto fillhappily “If Im selfish,as long as I drink the water,I can go out 7 this room alive,”he thought.“If I do as the note says,I might die of thirst.Should I tak
37、e the risk or not?”At last,he decided to do as the note said 8 began to draw water.Lots of water started coming out from the pump!9 a big surprise!After he 10 （drink）enough,he filled the bottle with water and added his words after the note.“Believe me,do as the note tells you!”he wrote.ofand What drank/had drunk
