1、【题型总览】 试卷 年份 体裁 话题 题材内容 命题趋势 全国卷 2020 记叙文 身边的人 值得尊敬和爱戴的人 1.选题特点：以应 用文为主， 选材内 容均与学生学习 及生活密切相关。 重视加强对考生 体育、 美育及 “劳 动光荣” 观念的引 导。 2.命题形式：较为 稳定。 提纲类写作 成为主流， 提示内 容为汉语， 表达简 洁。 3.最新变化：2020 全国卷， 都摒 弃了传统的书信 体，采用了记叙 文， 卷记人， 卷叙事， 且都给出 了写作题目。 2019 申请信 社会实践 当志愿者 2018 回复邮件 文化礼仪 做客习俗 全国卷 2020 记叙文 文体活动 介绍采摘活动 2019 电
2、子邮件 文体活动 排球比赛安排 2018 书面通知 学校生活 观看英语短片 全国卷 2020 求助信 文体活动 请外教指导短剧改编 2019 邀请信 文体活动 校园音乐节 2018 介绍信 文体活动 校园体育 【攻坚克难】 五档作文评分标准 第五档 2125 分 完全完成了试题规定的任务。覆盖所有内容要点。应用了较多的语法结 构和词汇。语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构 或较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言运用能力。有效地使用了语句间的 连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。完全达到了预期的写作目的。 一、评分标准解读 (一)如何理解“覆盖所有内容要点” 就是要求考生在写作时要认真审题，确保
3、要点“全而不漏”，要点全面是作文得高分的 必要条件。 (二)如何理解“应用了较多的词汇” 是指词汇使用的多样性，如词性的多样性、高级词汇的使用、同义词与反义词的使用、 短语的使用等。 (三)如何理解“应用了较多的语法结构” “较多的语法结构”就是指句式结构的多样性。毋庸置疑，单调的句式和结构、长度相 近的句子会使文章呆板单调，缺乏生气和活力，而灵活多变的句式则使行文丰富多彩、生动、 自然、流畅。感叹句、倒装句、复合结构、强调句型、定语从句、非谓语动词短语等语法结 构的正确使用，可以使文章的语言充满层次感，从而较好地反映出作者的语言运用能力。 (四)如何理解“上下文的连贯性” 评分标准指出，书面
4、表达应能“有效地使用语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑”。此 处所说的连贯性，是指段与段、句与句之间以一种明晰的、合乎逻辑的顺序组织与安排，做 到在文意与结构上层次分明、条理清楚、连贯流畅。 二、写作策略点睛 (一)立足语言综合运用，狠抓“基础分” 1关注结构，力求“提高分” 在写作过程中要斟酌整篇习作的结构，力求在主题突出、思路清晰、结构完整上找到自 己的“得分点”。例如：首段引入话题，为下文具体描述或解说奠定基础；中间段落对主题 要点进行扩展，详细具体地展开描述；尾段总结或表达个人希望与愿景。 2润色加工，力求“高档分” 高考书面表达主要考查考生综合运用英语以及驾驭语言的能力。为此，考生必须
5、在一篇 100 个词左右的短文中凸显亮点，通常要在遣词造句和语篇连贯两个角度上下功夫。 3纠差改错，力求“满贯分” 经过上述两个环节之后，还应该注意复读检查全文，着重在单词的拼写是否正确(尤其是 不规则动词的过去式、过去分词的写法)，标点符号的运用是否有误及时态、语态、人称的运 用是否正确上下功夫。 (二)端正思想认识，巧妙“提高分” 1字迹清楚，态度认真 字迹清楚、态度认真是对读者(阅卷老师)最起码的尊重。不少学生由于疏于审题，随意写 作，在仔细检查后，又发现有诸多不妥之处，于是对原文修修补补，或在试卷上涂黑，造成 卷面不整洁。 2漂亮的“开场白” A good beginning is h
6、alf done.良好的开端是成功的一半。第一句写得成功会给阅卷老师留 下很好的印象。一般而言，阅卷老师从第一句中就可以初步判断出考生的英语综合运用水平 如何。 第一节 对点剖析 精准增分 题目要求 (2020 高考全国卷)你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题， 写一篇短文参赛，内容包括： 1人物简介； 2尊敬和爱戴的原因。 注意： 1词数 100 左右； 2短文题目和首句已为你写好。 The person I respect There are many respectable people around us._ _ _ _ _ _ 四步写法 第一步 精审题，巧谋篇 1
7、审体裁：记叙文 2选时态：一般现在时和一般过去时为主 3定人称：第一、三人称为主 4绘结构： 开头导语段：引入并简介人物 主体主体段：阐明受尊重和爱戴的原因 结尾收尾段：总结或提升，回应开头 第二步 列提纲，要点全 1我的英语老师李先生就是他们其中的一位。 李先生就是其中的一位 Mr.Li is one of them 我的英语老师是李先生 My English teacher is Mr.Li 2自从我进入高中他就一直教我们英语。 他一直教我们英语 He has been teaching us English 自从我进入高中 Since I came to the senior high
8、school 3当我踢球受伤时，他把我背到校医务室。 我踢球受伤时 I got hurt when I was playing football 他把我背到校医务室 He carried me on his back to the school clinic 第三步 选句式，亮而雅 1We have a lot of respectable people around us. 用 there be 结构提升： There are many respectable people around us. 2对我来说，教了我们三年英语的李先生是我最尊敬的一个人。 表达方式一：As for me，my
9、English teacher who has taught us English for three years is the person I respect most.(定语从句) 表达方式二：As for me，Mr.Li，having taught us English for three years，is the one I respect most.(非谓语) 表达方式三： As for me， Mr.Li， my English teacher who has taught us English for three years， is the one I respect mos
10、t. (同位语) 3自从我进入高中他就一直教我们英语。 表达方式一：He has been teaching us English since I came to the senior high school.(状语从 句) 表达方式二：He has been teaching us English since I entered the senior high school.(用词汇升 级 come to) 表达方式三： It is he that has been teaching us English since I entered the senior high school.(强 调
11、句型) 4He works hard and tries his best to teach us. He is devoted and dedicated to career.(句式改写) 5We can become useful and knowledgeable persons in the future. He makes it possible for us to become useful and knowledgeable persons in the future.(用 it 作形式宾语改写) 6This is my beloved teacher Mr.Li. Such i
12、s Mr.Li，my beloved teacher.(倒装句) 第四步 衔接词，巧串联 范文展示 The person I respect There are many respectable people around us.As for me，Mr.Li，having taught us English for three years，is the one I respect most. Mr.Li is a handsome young man with a pair of glasses.He is devoted and dedicated to career.Working ha
13、rd and trying his best to teach us，he makes it possible for us to become useful and knowledgeable persons in the future.His classes are not only lovely but also interesting.He is also willing to help us with everyday things.It was he that once carried me on his back to the school clinic when I got h
14、urt playing football. Such is Mr.Li，my beloved teacher. 名师点评 1范文审题准确，从“身边”的人着手，并且要点齐全，行文连贯，细节补充恰当合理。 2范文时态应用灵活，用一般现在时表示“人物品质及习性”，用现在完成进行时表示 “过程及影响”，用一般过去时表示“事件及事例”，三种时态穿插使用，形象立体。 3范文词汇及句式广泛。there be 句型，定语从句，devoted and dedicated，doing 作状语， make it possible for sb.to do sth.， not only.but also.， be w
15、illing to， 强调句型， 倒装句型， beloved 等在范文中均有体现。 写作思路要顺畅 1认真审题，分析提纲或者图画(图表)内容，明确文章的写作主题，并确定文章的体裁、 人称、时态、结构及要点等五大基本要素。 2根据提纲或图画(图表)内容，确定文章的段落层次。 3收集与主题相符，能支持主题的具体材料。 4理清段落与段落、层次与层次之间的过渡、衔接关系和方式。 5确定能体现主题、简单明了、发人深思的结尾方式。 篇章结构需谋划 1注意篇章结构，合理布局 开始部分(Opening paragraph)说出文中的要点、核心问题； 正文部分(Body paragraphs)围绕主题展开叙述、
16、讨论； 结尾部分(Concluding paragraph)对全文的总结和概括。 2确定主题句 主题句是对全文的概括，是文章的主旨。它能在文章中起到“画龙点睛”的作用。通常 主题句出现在一篇文章的开头，然后，全文对主题句所提出的内容进行解释、扩展。 写主题句应注意以下几点： (1)归纳出要写的文章的几个要点； (2)提炼出一句具有概括性的话； (3)主题句应具有可读性，吸引读者继续读下去。 写作要点巧表述 1提纲或图画(图表)要点化 根据信息或图画(图表)的提示，列全需要写作的内容要点，确保无遗漏，这是考生能够拿 到基本分的关键。 2要点句式化 将要点扩展成精确的句子，这是体现写作水平的关键一
17、环，同时也是最重要的“增分点” 。 坚决避免英语汉语化和句式的单一化，在保证正确的前提下，尽可能使用高级词汇、层次感 比较丰富的复杂句式。 3句式语篇化 在“要点齐全、较高级词汇的使用以及句式丰富”都做好的前提下，加入引入话题的开 篇句、承上启下的过渡句以及紧扣主题的结束句，好文是好句的雕砌而不是堆砌。 4语篇规范化 在写作过程中，确保书写工整、态度认真，保证卷面的整洁，避免出现由于书写问题而 造成的失分现象。 良好的习惯成就美好的未来。作为青少年，如何培养良好的习惯呢？请根据以下内容提 示以 “How to Develop Good Habits”为题写一篇英语短文。词数 100 左右。 内
18、容提示： 1上课认真听讲，做笔记，按时完成作业； 2闲暇时多读课外书籍； 3多吃蔬菜、水果，少吃垃圾食品； 4每周锻炼 3 至 4 次。 要求： 1要点齐全，条理清楚，语句通顺，不要逐字翻译。 2文中不得出现真实校名及姓名，否则不予评分。 How to Develop Good Habits _ _ _ 参考范文 How to Develop Good Habits Its very important for us to develop good habits.As teenagers，what should we do？We should listen to the teacher car
19、efully and take notes when necessary.It is a good habit to finish the schoolwork on time every day.In spare time，wed better read some books to get more knowledge.Also，we should eat more fresh fruit and vegetables and less junk food.Its necessary for us to take exercise for three or four times a week
20、.Whats more，to get enough sleep，go to bed early and dont stay up late.Always remember to wash our hands before meals to keep clean.Exercise is fun and relaxing.Its healthy for the mind and body.Healthy lifestyle helps us get good grades and live happily. 第二节 庖公解牛 层层突破 微技能一 提升写作，从用词开始准确、得体、亮眼 单词和短语是文
21、章最基本的组成单位。用词是否准确、出彩在一定程度上决定了作文能 否得高分。高考英语书面表达评分标准也鼓励考生使用高级词汇，但使用高级词汇并不等于 使用一些偏难、古怪的词汇，而是使用一些表意准确、形象生动、语法正确，且符合以英语 为母语的人的习惯表达方式的词汇。在使用词汇时，我们可以尝试如下方法。 1无重复原则 写作时应尽量避免重复使用相同的词语，要用贴切多样的词语来展示自己的词汇水平。 用词不同、表达方式迥异，也是词汇高级用法的体现。恰当地使用同义 词不仅可以体现雅致 的文风，还有利于增强段落的统一性和连贯性。 I like reading while my brother likes wat
22、ching TV. I like reading while my brother enjoys watching TV. 2具体性原则 在具备一定词汇量的条件下，具体的表达比泛泛而谈的内容更能引起读者的共鸣。例如： 当描述一个具体的事物或人时，类似 a nice/good man 的表达让人感觉很空洞，我们可以用有 个性的、 具体的词描绘一个人， 如 kind- hearted(好心的)； generous(慷慨的； 大方的)； easy- going(随 和的)等。再如： So good do they look that I think you could be interested i
23、n them. So attractive and alive do they look that I think you could be interested in them. It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a good atmosphere. It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere. 3新颖性原则 为了表现自己的语言功底，吸引阅卷老师的眼球，尽量用高年级阶段学到的词汇代替低 年级阶段学到的词汇
24、。 In the coming three years，our school life will be difficult. In the coming three years，our school life will be challenging. By learning English I have broadened my mental horizons and increased my knowledge in different fields. By learning English I have broadened my mental horizons and increased
25、my knowledge in various fields. 4短语优先原则 多使用词组、习语来代替一些单词，以增加文采。 (1)形容词变短语的方法：of同根名词 形容词 对应短语 very important of great importance very useful of great use very valuable of great value very beneficial of great benefit very helpful of great help Working as a volunteer will be very beneficial to my oral E
26、nglish. Working as a volunteer will be of great benefit to my oral English. Developing a good habit is also very important. Developing a good habit is also of great importance. (2)动词变短语的方法：同义短语替换 动词 对应短语 think hold the view know/realize be aware of use make use of/take advantage of I like playing fo
27、otball in my spare time. Im fond of playing football in my spare time. Im interested in playing football in my spare time. Im crazy about playing football in my spare time. Im addicted to playing football in my spare time. Aimed to help us to know the importance of working，an activity themed “Workin
28、g is the most beautiful” was held last week. Aimed to help us to be aware of the importance of working，an activity themed“Working is the most beautiful” was held last week. I sincerely hope that you will consider my suggestions. I sincerely hope that you will take my suggestions into account/conside
29、ration. 注意：并不是短语一定会比单词好，要根据具体情况，有时候贴切传神的单词要比短语 更合适。例如： We can look at this problem in many ways. We can view this problem in many ways.(view 比 look at 更有内涵) We all live on one and the same planet. We all share one and the same planet.(share 比 live on 更有“味感”) 很多考生作文裹足不前的一个重要原因是反复用初中学过的“第一反应词”，背了大量 的靓
30、词妙语而不用。建议大家在想到一个表达时，务必要想一想有没有更好的表达方式，这 就 是 我 们 平 时 常 讲 的 “ 头 脑 风 暴 法 ”， 例 如 ： beautifulattractive/charming ， difficulttough/challenging. 即学即练 1 .用高级词汇替换加黑词语 1He should have driven more slowly. He is supposed to have driven more slowly. 2Because of the good weather，our journey was comfortable. Thanks
31、 to the good weather，our journey was comfortable. 3Most of the students are short- sighted. The majority of the students are short- sighted. 4The rain was heavy，and as a result the road was flooded. The rain was heavy，and consequently the road was flooded. 5Jack is very clever，who often thinks of ne
32、w ideas. Jack is very clever，who often comes up with new ideas. 6Some students think that they should save some of their pocket money for books. Some students think that they should set aside some of their pocket money for books. 7Im very glad to learn that you are coming in September. Im more than
33、glad to learn that you are coming in September. 8Would you please help me to turn down the radio? Would you please do me a favor to turn down the radio? .根据提示用高级词汇改写下列句子 1As a result，the plan was a failure.(turn) The plan turned out to be a failure. 2I believe that our country will become stronger a
34、nd stronger.(convince) I am convinced that our country will become stronger and stronger. 3He spends all his spare time in reading.(devote) He devotes all his spare time to reading. 4As soon as he arrived，he began his research.(介词短语作状语) On his arrival，he began his research. 5The summer vacation is c
35、oming.(介词短语作表语) The summer vacation is round the corner. 6Suddenly I had an idea that someone had broken into my house.(occur) An idea occurred to me that/It occurred to me that someone had broken into my house. 7Doing morning exercises is also important.(ofn.) Doing morning exercises is also of imp
36、ortance/significance. 8The number of English learners is increasing.(介词短语作表语) The number of English learners is on the rise. 9More and more Americans are curious about Chinese culture.(number) An increasing number of Americans are curious about Chinese culture. 微技能二：凝练习作，从句式着手简洁、高级、得当 句式单一、缺乏生气的文章，哪
37、怕无任何错误也不可能得高分。考生在写作文时应多运 用一些高级句式和复合句，并注意句式的灵活多变，让文章读起来抑扬顿挫，让深厚的语言 功底得以体现，让书面表达拽起来！运用多样句式有以下几种方式。 句式丰富，表述地道 1句式无重复 句式无重复是指在同一篇文章中，不要过多地使用同一种句式。例如表达个人观点时不 要通篇都是 I think 或 in my opinion； 表达建议时不要通篇都是 You should.或者 Youd better.。 可以穿插诸如 as for me，as far as Im concerned 等。 2长短句相间原则 短句一般语气重，多在一个复杂的意思表达完成之后表
38、示强调，富有力度；长句则适用 于准确表达复杂的思想。运用长短句相间原则可以很好地发挥两种句子的优点。反之，如果 只用长句或短句，则会使行文显得过于单调。所以，在写作中应该是长句和短句交替使用。 请看下面考生范文： Last Sunday morning，I went to the park by bike.I was walking in the park when a couple stopped me and asked if I could help to take some photos of them.I offered my service willingly.With many
39、thanks， they waved goodbye to me.However， a few minutes later， I found they had dropped a black handbag on the bench where they had sat.Believing they must return to look for the handbag， I decided to wait for them， with the handbag in my hand.Soon， they hurried back and I returned the handbag to th
40、em.They thanked me again and again.What a great pleasure it was to help others out! 文章长短句相间，本文用了三个长句，分别是when 连接的并列句，其中含有一个 if 引 导的宾语从句；where 引导的定语从句；现在分词短语作状语。其余都是短句。文章张弛 有度，错落有致。 句式高级，逻辑清晰 1 If you are interested in it， let me know and Ill send you more information.(条件状语从句) 2Though/Although/While r
41、egular exercise is very important，its never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.(让步状语从句) 3From this experience I have learned that questioning can serve as a bridge that helps us to seek the truth.(定语从句) 4“You cant judge a book by its cover，” as the old saying goes.(定语从句) 5What I want to st
42、ress is that I have already been a volunteer for the 13th National Games which will be held at the end of August in Tianjin.(名词性从句，定语从句) 6Planning is good as it decides in detail how we do what we want to do.(名词性从句) 句式多变，克服平淡 1肯定不如双否好 (1)In the neighborhood Im famous. In the neighborhood there is no
43、body who does not know me. (2)We believe that he will succeed in carrying out the experiment. We dont doubt that he will succeed in carrying out the experiment. (3)The postman comes on time every day. The postman never fails to come on time. 2主动不如被动巧 We can borrow five books at most at a time，and we
44、 can keep them for ten days. At most five books can be borrowed at a time and they can be kept for ten days. 3非谓(语)结构不可少 (1)Being a student，Id like to know the price for students. (2)To make the class go smoothly，you are supposed to know about the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance. (3)Faced wit
45、h difficulties，we need friends to give us comfort and help. (4)The exhibition will be held in the City Museum，located in the north of our city. (5)Our class came up with the idea to make better use of used materials. 特殊句式，提升档次 1Instead of giving us answers immediately，he encourages us to think by ou
46、rselves.(介词短 语作状语) 2 Its not what difficulties we meet once in a while that shapes our lives， but what attitudes we take to face them.(强调句型) 3I do believe you could solve it on time.(强调谓语) 4As scheduled，we participated in several instructive activities.(省略) 5While visiting the art exhibition，we disc
47、ussed the great artists works.(省略) 6If only I could go back and reset my goals.(虚拟) 7By doing so，I can not only share good ideas with others but also learn to express myself clearly.(并列) 8 Everyone in our society should help those in need， but it is more important to be sincere and earnest.(形式主语) 9I consider it quite interesting to learn the poems written in the Tang Dynasty with you.(形式 宾语) 10 When it comes to the effect， it will help you to enhance the sense of keeping fit but it may cause you to be overly anxious.(固定句式) 11Only in this way can people from all over the world communicate eas
