1、专题01 短文改错高频考点TOP 1 时态考点一 一般现在时和一般过去时的误用1. 在英语语法中，“时“指动作发生的时间，”态“指动作的样子和状态。1) 一般现在时，是一种语法形式。表示通常性、规律性、习惯性、真理性的动作或状态，或者动作有时间规律发生的事件的一种时间状态。2) 一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。在英语语法中。 【点津】两种时态在短文改错中的混用主要体现在，1）某篇文章讲述的是过去的故事（过去时），一般现在时经常混在其中；2）某篇文章是事理型的（现在时），一般过去时经常混在其中；3）或者是夹叙夹议型的文章中需要注意两种时态的使用。【例
2、题1】事实陈述型My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area. It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had to wait outside. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. Every day he makes sur
3、e that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady.【例题2】夹叙夹议型Our teachers and friends are important for us. I had such a experience when I was in junior
4、school. I was doing bad in maths at that time. However hard I tried, I just couldnt catch up on others. I almost lost heart when we had a new maths teacher, Mr. Hu. Now and then he talk with me, telling me the ways to learn maths and encourage me to keep on trying. Only then do I realize that I was
5、not studying maths in scientific way. With his help, I was doing a little better gradual. One year later, I made amazed progress.I am always grateful to Mr Hu, without whom I would never have been adopted the proper approach to learning maths.【例题3】讲述故事型（全国卷）During my last winter holiday, I went to c
6、ountryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also I went here again,
7、they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond, which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every
8、 two years, but he agreed.考点二 现在完成时的误用1）一般过去时表示事件在说话人关心的一个过去时间发生并结束，或者一个状态在说话人关心的过去时间存在着。通常需要确切的时间状语来表示出这个过去时间，除非语境使听话人能够判断出这个时间。2）现在完成时表示一个事件在说话时之前已经发生过了，但说话人并不关心事件发生的时间，而是关心现在，因此排斥过去时间状语。或者表示一个状态从过去持续到现在，强调状态的持续。通常需要状语表示出这段时间。【点津】1. 现在完成时和“现在”相关，有时习惯和一般过去时或者过去将来时混用；1) 现在完成时除可以和for，since引导的状语连用外，还可
9、以和下面的介词短语连用：during/in/over the last(past) few years(months，weeks)，in recent years，so far，up to now等。【点津】现在完成时所用的时间状语都与“现在的时间”有交际，故不能和过去的时间连用，一般情况下，如有误用，且动词部分的过去分词和过去式一致，去掉have。Example: In 1898，Marie has found a new element.2) 下列句型中常用现在完成时It is(has been)一段时间since从句This(That/It) is the first(second.)
10、time that现在完成时This(That/It) is the best/finest/most interesting.that现在完成时考点三 过去完成时的使用（有语境；有先后）1）常用过去完成时的几种情况。在by，by the end，by the time，until，before，since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句的句子中。By the end of last year，we had produced 20,000 cars.The train had left before we reached the station. 【点津】过去完成时习惯出现的问题有两方面：1）
11、现在完成时和过去完成时的误用，主要在have，had这两个助动词上互改；2）在文章的存在的前提是要出现一般过去时，否则无法表示“过去的过去”，此所谓有语境、有先后，此时一般采用添加助动词had的方法；2）“时间名词before”在句中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去时。He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before.Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.3）在hardly/scarcely.when.，no sooner than.句式中，主句常用
12、过去完成时，表示“一就”。当hardly，scarcely，no sooner置于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。We had no sooner been seated than the bus started.No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.4）在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时代替过去完成时。After he (had) left the room，the boss came in.We arrived home before it snowed.【例题4】It is essential to take
13、 an useful summer vacation after the exam. There are many kinds of activity for us to take part. First, we can visit our relatives and friends or spend a happily time with our family. Second, seeing a film, listening to music or hang out with our friends will also be excited. Third, we should take m
14、ore exercise to keep healthy. Whats more, wed better to review what we had learned at school. Finally, it is necessary of us to do some housework, that can help our parents a lot. Above all, I hope all of us can have a pleasant vacation.【例题5】One afternoon I was sitting at my favorite table in a rest
15、aurant, waited for the food I had ordered. Suddenly I noticed a man sitting at table near the window kept glancing at my direction. Finally he got away and went into the kitchen. When he came out, he paid his bill and left. I called the owner of the restaurant and asked what the man wanted. He told
16、me that the man was a detective (侦探). She thought I was the man he was looking for, because he came into the kitchen to check for it. Since everybody knew me, the staff told him that he had made a mistake. Its really luck I came to a restaurant that I am known.【题组6】1. We were driving along a narrow
17、road when the car stop2. and had returned to the car! Bill is standing at the side of the car.3. Two months ago they were back in America. Last Sunday, police cars hurry to the4. Today, it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past. 5. Also, scientists and doctors had learned how to deal wi
18、th many diseases.6. Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them. 7. If the book you will want is out, you may ask for it to be called back for you. 8. I had always wanted to return to the village after moving away and it is really great to see most of my old friends again. 9. They of
19、fered me coffee and other drinks. We have a good time talking and laughing together. 10. I learn about you from my English teacher, Miss Fang. 11. My favourite sport is football. I was a member of our school football team. 12. I am happy with any programme but the others spent a lot of time arguing
20、and there was no way of settling the matter except by selling the set. 13. Id like very much to come but I had an examination on Monday morning. It is a very14. I remembered her words and calm down. 15. They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to 16. We were li
21、ving in a big family. We treat each other as brothers and sisters. 17. On the way up I was busy taking pictures since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly.18. But his parents think going to college is more important than playing sports and college was the only place for a smart boy
22、like his son.19. At once I apologize and controlled myself at my best till the dinner started. 20. Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class, but after class we become stranger at once. 【2019全国卷II】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号
23、()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Since I was a kid, Ive considered different job I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher be
24、cause I liked my English teacher too much. When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered mg goal or decided to be a doctor. They were two reasons for the decision. One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor. And the other is tha
25、t I wanted to help people in need.【2019全国卷III】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Ive had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to o
26、pens a cafe. Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts. What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one. I want my cafe have a special theme such as like Tang Dynasty. In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment what is creat
27、ed for them. If I succeed in manage one, I will open more. I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city. Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style.【2018全国卷I】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把
28、多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another ani
29、mals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.
